Parental practices such as inconsistent discipline, psychological control, and imposition have been linked to the development of internalizing and externalizing problem behaviors in preadolescents. This study aimed to identify the association these practices had on Mexican preadolescent problem behaviors through Structural Equation Modeling. The sample consisted of 306 elementary students from three public schools in Mexico City (age M = 10, SD = 0.92). Students completed subscales from the Parental Practice Scale, the Alabama Parenting Questionnaire, and the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire. Paternal imposition and maternal psychological control were significant predictors for internalizing problems, while inconsistent discipline was a significant predictor of externalizing problems. The results highlight that although parental practicevalues might differ across cultures, their association to problem behaviors are similar.
Poverty is one manifestation of inequality: it is often a consequence of an unequal distribution of social resources, especially in urban settings. The lack of resources can impact people's quality of life and provoke a spiral that reinforces the cycle of poverty. The concept of resilience can be a useful framework for understanding a person's positive adaptations to urban poverty's environmental stressors. This paper seeks to comprehensively understand how urban poverty influences the social functioning and well-being of individuals in urban areas. We conducted a systematic review to identify the risk factors that limit or increase vulnerability and the resilient responses that promote development and psychological functioning among those experiencing urban poverty. We explore how resilience can help overcome the vulnerabilities urban poverty creates and identify the coping strategies some families experiencing urban poverty use. We encourage researchers and practitioners to take a strengths-based approach to understanding individuals' resilient responses and community involvement as they socially adapt to unequal conditions in diverse and myriad ways.
A lo largo de la historia se observa que las mujeres han vivido y viven en condiciones de mayor desventaja por el solo hecho de haber nacido con este sexo; en roles que son incuestionablemente ejecutados, mismos que obstaculizan una diferenciación o autonomía en su entorno personal y social; pero, ¿existirán algunas situaciones en las cuales las mujeres mexicanas se perciban más autónomas y empoderadas? En tal sentido, el objetivo de esta investigación fue diseñar una escala válida y confiable que contemplara algunas condiciones o situaciones en las que las mujeres se identifiquen con las habilidades de agencia personal para tomar acciones o decisiones tanto en lo personal como en lo social. La escala total mostró niveles adecuados de confiabilidad (α = 0.92) y validez, y el análisis arrojó cuatro factores: la agencia personal, la autoconciencia, el empoderamiento en la salud y el empoderamiento social. Los análisis de diferencias por escolaridad y por edad mostraron que las mujeres jóvenes y con mayor nivel educativo tienen más habilidades de agencia personal y de empoderamiento, y en casi todos los grupos analizados se observó una tendencia a mostrar menos habilidades de empoderamiento en la salud.
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