Patients indicated interest in a pharmacogenomics test, but varying levels of willingness-to-pay. Patients may not be able to connect the benefits of testing to their health, justifying further patient education in order to increase the viability of pharmacogenomics testing as a pharmacy service.
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effectiveness of community pharmacy-based interventions in increasing vaccination rates for the herpes zoster vaccine. DESIGN Prospective intervention study with a pre-post design. SETTING Three independent community pharmacies in Tennessee. PATIENTS Patients whose pharmacy profiles indicated they were eligible for the vaccine and patients presenting to receive the vaccine at study sites. INTERVENTIONS Interventions initiated by pharmacists to promote the herpes zoster vaccine included a press release published in local newspapers, a flyer accompanying each prescription dispensed at participating pharmacies, and a personalized letter mailed to patients whose pharmacy profiles indicated they were eligible for the vaccine. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Comparison of vaccination rates for the herpes zoster vaccine during the control period and intervention period and patients’ indication for their sources of education and influence in receiving the vaccine. RESULTS Vaccination rates increased from 0.37% (n=59/16121) during the control period to 1.20% (n=193/16062) during the intervention period (P<0.0001). Cochran-Armitage Trend analyses including the months before and after the interventions confirmed a significantly higher vaccination rate during the intervention month than other months analyzed. More patients indicated that they were educated about the herpes zoster vaccine by one of the pharmacist-driven interventions than by a physician, family/friend, or other source during the intervention period (P<0.0001 for all comparisons). Also, more patients were influenced to receive the vaccination as a result of one of the pharmacist-driven interventions rather than a physician (P=0.0260) or other source (P<0.0001). No difference in the effectiveness of patient influence was found when the pharmacy interventions were compared with family/friends (P=0.1025). CONCLUSION The three pharmacist-driven interventions were effective in increasing vaccination rates for the herpes zoster vaccine.
Background:Community pharmacy has become a major access point for several types of vaccinations. Despite the success of vaccination programs like influenza, pneumococcal, and herpes zoster, the rates of human papillomavirus vaccination continue to lag.Objectives:The primary objective is to describe and report on the impact of a multimodal series of pharmacist-led educational interventions on human papillomavirus vaccination rates in a community pharmacy setting. The primary outcome of this study was change in pharmacist-delivered human papillomavirus vaccination throughout a corresponding 8-week period in 2014 and 2015.Methods:A single-center, quasi-experimental interrupted time series mixed-methods pilot study was used to investigate a pharmacist-led, multimodal educational intervention approach to improve human papillomavirus vaccination rates in the community.Results:During the 2014 control period, there were no human papillomavirus vaccines dispensed or administered according to the internal prescription dispensing software. In 2015, a total of 10 patients indicated that they were vaccinated, with 9 patients receiving their first dose and 1 patient receiving his or her second dose at the pharmacy. Pharmacist recommendation was the most reported education method for increasing patient awareness of the human papillomavirus vaccine (n = 10).Conclusion:This study demonstrates pharmacist designed, educational interventions may impact human papillomavirus vaccination rates in the community. Further community-based research with larger sample sizes is warranted to verify these results. Due to the unique barriers to human papillomavirus vaccination, a multimodal and inter-professional approach such as the one presented here is warranted.
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