Background: Currently, the determinants of anxiety and its related factors in the general population affected by COVID-19 are poorly understood. We examined the effects of spirituality, knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) on anxiety regarding COVID-19. Methods: Online cross-sectional data (n = 1082) covered 17 provinces. The assessment included the Daily Spiritual Experiences Scale, the Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale, and the KAP-COVID-19 questionnaire. Results: Multiple linear regression revealed that individuals who had low levels of spirituality had increased anxiety compared to those with higher levels of spirituality. Individuals had correct knowledge of early symptoms and supportive treatment (K3), and that individuals with chronic diseases and those who were obese or elderly were more likely to be severe cases (K4). However, participants who chose incorrect concerns about there being no need for children and young adults to take measures to prevent COVID-19 (K9) had significantly lower anxiety compared to those who responded with the correct choice. Participants who disagreed about whether society would win the battle against COVID-19 (A1) and successfully control it (A2) were associated with higher anxiety. Those with the practice of attending crowded places (P1) had significantly higher anxiety. Conclusions: Spirituality, knowledge, attitudes, and practice were significantly correlated with anxiety regarding COVID-19 in the general population.

Tanaman jagung (Zea mays L.) merupakan tanaman yang banyak dibudidayakan di Indonesia. Pemanfaatan limbah kulit jagung selama ini hanya sebagai pakan ternak. Kandungan kimia yang terdapat pada jagung antara lain flavonoid, alkaloid, fenol, steroid, tanin, maysin. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menghasilkan dan menguji mutu fisik sedian lotion ekstrak kulit jagung. Penelitian ini adalah eksperimental. Ekstraksi menggunakan metode maserasi. Konsentrasi ekstrak 10%, 20% dan 30%. Evaluasi mutu fisik sediaan meliputi organoleptis, homogenitas, pH, daya sebar dan stabilitas penyimpanan selama 30 hari.. Hasil uji pH dan daya sebar dianalisis menggunakan SPSS ANOVA One Way (p< 0,005). Lotion yang dihasilkan homogeny, memiliki pH 6, bentuk kental, tekstur halus, aroma harum, warna coklat muda (10%), coklat tua (20% dan 30%). Uji daya sebar pada konsentrasi 10%,20% dan 30% yaitu 6,3; 6,5; 6,5cm. Lotion stabil pada suhu kamar dan dingin. Semakin besar konsentrasi ekstrak semakin kecil nilai pH dan daya sebar yang dihasilkan. Kesimpulan dari penelitian adalah tidak terdapat perbedaan mutu fisik sediaan lotion pada konsentrasi 10%, 20% dan 30% yang disimpan pada suhu kamar dan suhu dingin.

Shallots are one of the many types of plants available in Indonesia. Shallots are annual plants that can grow in the highlands and lowlands. In its use, shallots produce a lot of waste in the form of skin which can be processed into solid soap preparations because they contain antibacterial properties derived from flavonoid compounds. This study aims to produce solid soap onion skin extract and test the physical quality of the preparation according to the Indonesian National Standard (SNI). The research method was experimental which consisted of making simplicia and extracting it by maceration method using 70% ethanol as a solvent. Red onion peel extract formulations were used with a concentration of 5% (Formulation 2) and 0% (formulation 1) as the control basis. Evaluation of solid soap preparations includes organoleptic observation, homogeneity testing, foaming test, pH testing. The preparation was evaluated for 4 weeks at room temperature. Data were analyzed descriptively and compared with SNI. The results of this study indicate that the soap preparation is homogeneous, has a solid texture, is light brown (formulation 1), and dark brown (formulation 2). The average pH value in formulation 1 and formulation 2 is 9. The results of the organoleptic test on solid soap preparations did not change, from the first week to the fourth week it was getting denser. The foam power test on both formulations showed the presence of foam that came out when the test was carried out. The conclusion in this study is that the physical quality of onion skin extract solid soap is in accordance with SNI and is stable for 4 weeks of storage.

Diabetes Melitus (DM) adalah suatu penyakit kronis dan Indonesia merupakan peringkat ke-6 di dunia. Kunyit (Curcuma domestica Val.) mengandung75% curcumin yang memiliki aktivitas sebagai antidiabetes. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memformulasikan tablet kunyit menggunakan metode granulasi basah dengan varian konsentrasi bahan pengikat 2,5% (F1) dan 5% (F2). Penelitian ini terdiri dari pembuatan simplisia, pembuatan ekstrak, pembuatan granul dengan variasi konsentrasi bahan pengikat 2,5% dan 5%, pencetakan tablet dengan cetak tablet single punch serta uji mutu fisik tablet. Tablet yang dihasilkan dilakukan pegujian mutu fisik yang meliputi uji keseragaman bobot, uji keseragaman ukuran, uji kekerasan tablet, uji waktu hancur tablet dan uji kerapuhan tablet. Analisishasil menggunakan bantuan software SPSS dengan uji statistik non-parametric 2independent sample atau mann whiteney U.Hasil uji mutu fisik tablet yang meliputi uji keseragaman bobot dengan hasil rata-rata F1 dan F2 adalah320,75±3,56dan 307,80±0,98. Uji keseragaman ukuran dengan rata-rata diameter F1 dan F2 adalah1,00±0,00 dan 1,10±0,00, sedangkan rata-rata tebal F1 dan F2 adalah0,31±0,00 dan 0,28±0,00. Uji kekerasan tablet dengan hasil rata-rata F1 dan F2 adalah 1,00±0,00. Uji waktu hancur tablet dengan hasil ratarata F1 dan F2 adalah 840 detik dan 816 detik dan uji kerapuhan tablet dengan hasil rata-rata F1 dan F2 adalah0,10±0,02 dan 0,26±0,00. Hasil uji statistik menunjukkan bahwa ada perbedaan yang signifikan diakibatkan karena adanya pengaruh dari perbedaan variasi konsentrasi bahan pengikat pada mutu fisik tablet berupa keseragaman bobot tablet dan waktu hancur tablet (sig <0,05).

Mono-carbonyl compounds of curcumin, especially those containing hydroxy groups at the para position in the aromatic ring flanked by an electron withdrawing group (EWG) like chlorine, are known to have anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antibacterial activity. This study aims to synthesize mono-carbonyl compounds of curcumin with assisted microwave synthesis and determine its toxicity. The acute toxicity assay carried out on zebrafish larvae. The results showed that the synthesis of mono-carbonyl compounds of curcumin with assisted microwave synthesis gave clean products, faster reaction rates, more product yields, economical, and environmentally friendly. The optimal synthesis results obtained at 160Watt microwave radiation energy for 10 minutes. The acute toxicity assay of HGV-6, PGV-6, and GVT-6 compounds showed low toxicity to zebrafish larvae.

Nanas (Ananas comosus L.) merupakan salah satu tanaman di indonesia yang sangat berpotensi untuk dikembangkan karena mempunyai banyak manfaat. Nanas mengandung banyak vitamin B12, vitamin C, vitamin E dan enzim bromelin. Sedangkan kulit nanas yang hanya dianggap sampah yang tidak memiliki manfaat, padahal kulit nanas mengandung enzim bromelin, karotenoid, vitamin C dan flavonoid yang baik bagi kesehatan. Kandungan flavonoid dalam kulit nanas dapat dimanfaatkan sebagai antioksidan, anti alergi, anti inflamasi, dan anti bakteri. Antioksidan kulit nanas dapat dimanfaatkan sebagai pelindung kulit karena dapat mencegah terjadinya radikal bebas dan dapat diaplikasikan dalam bentuk sediaan sabun padat. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menghasilkan sabun padat ekstak kulit nanas dan menguji mutu fisik sesuai Standar Nasional Indonesia (SNI). Metode penelitian ini bersifat eksperimental yang terdiri dari pembuatan simplisia dan ekstraksi menggunakan metode maserasi dengan pelarut etanol 70%. Formulasi menggunakan ekstrak kulit nanas dengan konsentrasi 0% (basis), 1% (F1), 3% (F2). Evaluasi karakteristik fisik sabun padat meliputi pengamatan organoleptis, pengujian homogenitas, uji pH, uji daya busa. Sediaan di evaluasi selama 4 minggu, data dianalisis secara deksriptif. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan ke tiga formula menghasilkan sabun padat yang homogen, bertekstur padat dan halus, beraroma wangi, Basis (berwarna putih pekat kekuningan), F1 (berwarna putih pekat kekuningan), F2 (berwarna putih pekat kekuningan). Nilai pH pada basis, F1, F2 adalah 9,52 ,9,35, 9,45. Hasil organoleptis pada sediaan sabun padat basis, F1, F2 tidak mengalami perubahan. Nilai homogenitas pada sabun padat basis, F1, F2 tidak mengalami perubahan. Nilai uji daya busa sabun padat basis, F1, F2 tetap stabil. Kesimpulan pada penelitian ini yaitu mutu fisik sediaan sabun padat ekstrak kulit nanas memenuhi syarat SNI dan stabil selama penyimpanan 4 minggu.

Objective: The objective of this research is to evaluate the effect of benzylideneacetone analog of curcumin against Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) H37Rv.Method: The activity of benzylideneacetone analog of curcumin is evaluated using mycobacteria growth indicator tube (MGIT) method and microplate alamar blue assay (MABA) method. The compound of minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) is defined as the minimum concentration of drugs which really inhibit the growth of MTB.Result: The MIC compound of 1,5-bis(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-1,4-pentadiene-3-one (C9) and 1,5-bis(3-chlorophenyl)-1,4-pentadiene-3-one (C10) can inhibit the bacteria of MTB at the concentration of 500 μg/ml using MGIT method. Based on MABA method, it can be obtained similar MIC value of C9 compound and C10 compound that are 187.5 μg/ml.Conclusion: C9 and C10 have antituberculosis activity. Benzylideneacetone analog of curcumin which has chlor moiety has a better activity in inhibiting MTB, but it still needs further research to make it become a potent antituberculosis drug.