Aim To evaluate the clinical characteristics and outcome of ovarian Sertoli–Leydig cell tumors (SLCTs) managed at a single institution. Methods The hospital records of 17 patients with the diagnosis of ovarian SLCT between 1994 and 2018 were reviewed retrospectively. Results The median age of the patients was 30 years (range, 18–67 years). All the patients had unilateral tumors. All of the 17 were stage 1 tumors. Two (11.8%) patients were stage 1C1 and two (11.8%) patients were stage 1C2. Thirteen (76.5%) patients were stage 1A. Three (17.6%) of the tumors were well differentiated, 11 (64.7%) were intermediately differentiated, 1 (5.9%) was poorly differentiated, and the degree of the differentiation was not identified for 2 (11.8%) patients. One showed retiform pattern and one had heterologous elements at the histopathologic evaluation. Among the 17 patients, we identified structural/vascular renal and ureteral anomalies in 3 (17.6%) patients. Eight patients underwent total abdominal hysterectomy and bilateral salpingo‐oophorectomy, seven underwent unilateral salpingo‐oophorectomy or oophorectomy and two underwent cystectomy with or without additional surgical staging procedures. Four patients received adjuvant chemotherapy. All the 17 patients were alive and free of disease for 1–287 months after the diagnosis. Median follow‐up time was 78 months. None of the patients recurred. Conclusion Sertoli–Leydig cell tumors are rare ovarian malignancies with low recurrence rates and have a favorable outcome compared to malignant epithelial tumors of the ovary. Main treatment is surgical resection and it is appropriate to prefer fertility sparing conservative surgeries for young patients.

Objective: The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the clinical and pathological features and oncological outcomes of Brenner tumors (BT). Material and Methods: Evaluation was performed on the data of 46 patients with BTs retrieved from the oncology clinic database and pathology reports between 2005 and 2020. Results: The median (range) age of the patients was 52 (22-75) years. Median (range) tumor size was 52.5 (5.0-300) mm. The tumor was benign in 37 (80.4%), borderline in one (2.2%), and malignant in the remaining eight (17.4%). Ten (21.7%) of the tumors were detected incidentally. Mixed tumor, BT plus another ovarian pathology, was found in 13 (28.2%). Recurrence developed in 2/8 (25%) with malignant BT (MBT). The stage of these patients was 3C, and both received chemotherapy after surgery. Conclusion: BTs are rare and generally detected incidentally. MBTs are treated in the same way as epithelial tumors. Due to the rarity of these tumors, lymphadenectomy and optimal chemotherapy regimens are controversial issues.

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Aim The aim of this study is to evaluate the recurrence pattern and oncological outcomes in cervical cancer (CC) patients with lymph node metastasis. Methods This study included 224 International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) 2009 stage IB1‐IIIB CC patients with pathologically proven lymph node metastasis. Surgical intervention was grouped as hysterectomy performed/not performed. Adjuvant therapy decision was made by the tumor board. Radiotherapy was applied to all patients with lymph node metastasis. Results Only paraaortic lymph node metastasis was determined as an independent prognostic factor for recurrence. Presence of paraaortic lymph node metastasis increased the risk of recurrence more than two times (odds ratio: 2.129; 95% confidence interval: 1.011–4.485; p = 0.047). An independent prognostic factor for death because of disease was age only. Risk of death was nearly doubled with younger age (odds ratio: 2.693; 95% confidence interval: 1.064–6.184; p = 0.037). Conclusion The most of recurrences were located at distant sites and multiple regions. Paraaortic lymph node metastasis was the only independent prognostic factor for recurrence, in spite of that age was an independent predictor for risk of death in patients with early stage or locally advanced CC and also with surgically proven metastatic lymph nodes. Furthermore, the presence of the paraaortic lymph node metastasis was significantly associated with distant recurrence. Therefore, more appropriate and individualized therapy strategy focusing on intenser systemic chemotherapy options in addition to radiotherapy should be taken into consideration according to paraaortic lymph node metastasis and age.

Objective:To evaluate uncommon types of borderline ovarian tumors (BOT) and define the clinical, surgical, and pathologic features.Material and Methods:Seventeen patients who were treated in our hospital between 1990 and 2017 were identified. Patients’ data were collected from the gynecologic oncology clinic electronic database, patients’ files, and pathology reports. Conservative surgery was defined as preservation of the uterus and at least part of one ovary.Results:The mean age was 47 (range, 22-70) years. Based on histopathologic tumor type, there was mixed tumor in five (29.4%) patients, endometrioid-type in nine (52.9%), seromusinous-type in two (11.8%), and Brenner-type in one (5.9%). Conservative surgery was performed in 4 patients. Two patients with endometrioid BOT had synchronous endometrial pathology, including one (11%) patient with endometrial cancer, one (11%) with endometrial hyperplasia without atypia, and 3 (33%) patients had endometriosis. The median follow-up was 19 (range, 1-137) months. No recurrence was observed during the follow-up period.Conclusion:In our small volume case series, it could be said that non-serous/non-mucinous BOT has excellent prognosis. However, endometrial pathology should be checked in endometrioid type.

Aim: The aim of this study was to identify the differences between complex atypical hyperplasia/ endometrial intraepithelial neoplasia (CAH/EIN) and endometrioid-type grade 1 endometrial cancer in terms of preoperative systemic inflammatory markers and to evaluate the effectiveness of such markers in predicting cancer. Methods: Between January 2005 and September 2018, a total of 372 patients with final histopathologic diagnoses of CAH/EIN (n = 143) and endometrioid-type grade 1 endometrial cancer (n = 229) were included in the study. Neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet/lymphocyte ratio (PLR) and platelet distribution width (PDW) were used as preoperative inflammatory markers. Receiver operating characteristics (ROC) analysis was used to assess the diagnostic prediction of NLR, PLR and PDW values to distinguish the two groups. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed by regrouping the patients according to the cut-off values found in the ROC analysis. Results: The univariate analysis revealed that advanced age, decreases in PDW and also PLR could be predictors of cancer. The cut-off values were as ≤48.9% for PDW and ≤133.3 for PLR. The values defined using ROC analysis were found to be statistically significant for PDW and PLR in identifying endometrioid grade 1 endometrial cancer. For PDW, sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value were 52.8%, 62.2%, 68.9% and 45.5%, respectively (P = 0.001); for PLR, those were 55.9%, 59.4%, 68.8% and 45.7%, respectively (P = 0.005). In multivariate analysis, advanced age (>53 years), low PDW (≤48.9%) and low PLR (≤133.3) were related to statistically significant odds ratio for diagnostic prediction to differentiate endometrioid grade 1 cases from CAH/EIN of 8.01 (P < 0.001), 1.79 (P = 0.019) and 1.73 (P = 0.025), respectively. Conclusions: The PLR and PDW values in the preoperative blood parameters could be used to differentiate endometrial cancer from precancerous lesions.

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the prognostic factors of recurrence in uterine tumors resembling ovarian sex-cord tumors (UTROSCT) and to determine clinical-pathological characteristics, treatment options and outcome. Material and Method:An electronic literature search was conducted from 1976 to 2018. After the comprehensive evaluation and conjunction with our case, the study included 79 cases. Results:The median age at initial diagnosis was 49 years (range; 16-86 years). The age was under 40 years in 21 (26.6%) patients. Whereas 68 patients underwent at least hysterectomy, 9 patients had organ sparing surgery. There was necrosis in 4 (5.1%) patients, atypia in 16 (20.3%) patients, and infiltrative tumor border in 34 (43%) patients. At least one mitosis per 10 high power fields was determined in 36 (45.5%) patients. The tumor involved at least part of the myometrium in 54 (68.3%) patients. Median follow-up time was 30 months (range; 3-296 months). Recurrence was determined in 5 (6.3%) patients. The disease free survival (DFS) was significantly related only to surgery type. None of the pathologic features were associated with DFS. The 5-year DFS was 86% and 96% in patients who underwent organ sparing surgery or not, respectively (p=0.038). Conclusion:The accurate pathologic diagnosis of UTROSCT has great value in shaping surgical management and management during the follow-up period. Organ sparing surgery was related to poor DFS. Although recurrence is rare, it should be kept in mind for patients with UTROSCT.Key Words: Uterine neoplasms, Recurrence, UTROSCT, Surgery, Prognosis INTRODUCTIONUterine tumors with sex-cord-like elements can be divided into two groups. The first group of tumors is called endometrial stromal tumors with sex cord-like elements (ESTSCLEs) involving endometrial stromal neoplasms with focal areas (<50%) resembling ovarian sex-cord elements. The second group of tumors is called uterine tumors resembling ovarian sex-cord tumors (UTROSCTs) corresponding to uterine tumors with a predominant or exclusive pattern similar to ovarian sex-cord tumors (1, 2). This morphologic differentiation is clinically significant because these tumors have different biological behaviors. ESTSCLE has a tendency for recurrence and metastases, whereas UTROSCT usually shows more benign clinical behavior (3). UTROSCTs rarely recur and are thus considered uterine tumors with low malignant potential (4). UTROSCTs are extremely rare tumors mostly documented as case series in the literature; therefore, it is difficult to draw a distinct conclusion about the management or recurrence rates of these tumors.In this study, a recurrent case of UTROSCT is presented. This analysis evaluated prognostic factors related to UTROSCT recurrence and determined clinicalpathological characteristics, treatment options, and outcomes of UTROSCT. CASE REPORTA 61-year-old patient was referred to our gynecologiconcology clinic because of a UTROSCT diagnosis. She underwent total abdominal hysterectomy (TAH) and bilateral...

Background: Primary cervical leiomyosarcomas (CLMS) constitute 21% of all cervical sarcomas. Because of their rarity, to our knowledge, fewer than 40 cases have been reported. The aim of this study is to evaluate the clinical and surgical–pathological features, prognosis, treatment options, and survival of primary CLMS. Methods: A systematic review of the medical literature was conducted to evaluate articles about primary CLMS. The literature was searched between 1959 and May 2019. On final evaluation, there were 29 articles (one consisted of 8 cases; one consisted of 3 cases) and 42 cases with the addition of our 4 cases. Results: Age (⩾48 versus ⩽47 years) (hazard ratio.HR], 4.528; 95% confidence interval.CI], 1.550–13.227; p=0.006) and mitoses count (<10/10 high-power field [HPF] versus ⩾10/10 HPF) (HR, 3.865; 95% CI, 1.046–14.278; p=0.043) are independent prognostic factors for recurrence and age (HR, 5.318; 95% CI, 1.671–16.920; p=0.005) and hysterectomy (performed versus not performed) (HR, 4.377; 95% CI, 1.341–14.283; p=0.014) are independent prognostic factors for death because of disease on multivariate analysis. Conclusions: Information on primary CLMS is sparse and obtained from rare case reports and case series. Hysterectomy must be the first choice of treatment in these patients according to our results on multivariate analysis. The type of hysterectomy does not have an effect on oncologic outcome. Radical hysterectomy is not obligatory and more data are needed to make more accurate conclusions.