-(Osmotic and heat treatments to control fungi associated with seeds of Brazilian cherry (Eugenia brasiliensis Lam.) and Surinam cherry (Eugenia uniflora L.)). Seeds of Brazilian cherry (Eugenia brasiliensis Lam.) and Surinam cherry (Eugenia uniflora L.) are intolerant to desiccation and their high water content allows the proliferation of fungi, accelerating their deterioration. Due to the lack of fungicides registered for such species further studies on alternative methods should be carried out. The present work was aimed at analyzing the effects of heat and osmotic treatments on the mycota and seed viability of Brazilian cherry and Surinam cherry. We analyzed the effect of heat treatment (55 and 60 °C for 30, 120, or 150 minutes) and osmotic treatment (polyethylene glycol solutions at -3.4 and -4.0 MPa), each tested individually or in combination and also with or without reapplication throughout seed storage. Our results showed that heat treatment was more efficient than osmotic treatment for most fungi, except for Fusarium sp. The combination of both treatments produced favorable results and their reapplication may enhance the control of seed-borne fungi during storage. Keywords: alternative control, conservation, seed pathology RESUMO -(Tratamentos osmóticos e térmicos para controle de fungos em sementes de grumixameira (Eugenia brasiliensis Lam.) e pitangueira (Eugenia uniflora L.)). As sementes de grumixama (Eugenia brasiliensis Lam.) e pitanga (Eugenia uniflora L.) são intolerantes à dessecação e seu elevado teor de água favorece a proliferação de fungos que podem acelerar sua deterioração. A falta de fungicidas registrados para tais espécies requer estudos sobre métodos alternativos. O objetivo deste trabalho foi determinar o efeito de tratamentos térmicos e osmóticos na incidência de fungos e na viabilidade de sementes de grumixama e pitanga. Foram analisados os efeitos de tratamentos térmicos (55 e 60 °C por 30, 120 ou 150 minutos) e osmóticos (soluções de polietileno glicol a -3,4 e -4,0 MPa) isolados ou associados e, ainda, com ou sem reaplicação durante o armazenamento das sementes. Verificou-se que o tratamento térmico foi mais eficiente que o osmótico na redução da maioria dos fungos encontrados, exceto Fusarium sp. A associação dos dois tipos de tratamento produz resultados favoráveis e a reaplicação dos mesmos pode ampliar o controle dos fungos ao longo do armazenamento. Palavras-chave: conservação, controle alternativo, patologia de sementes
-Desiccation sensitive seeds, such as those of Eugenia brasiliensis Lam. (grumixama) and E. pyriformis Cambess. (uvaia), also known as recalcitrant, need to be stored with high water content and temperatures above 0 °C. Such conditions keep these seeds with high metabolism, thus reducing their longevity, and allowing the development of microorganisms, especially fungi, accelerating their deterioration speed. Heat and osmotic treatments have shown some success for the control of some fungi associated with these seeds. However, to better measure the effectiveness of these treatments, the evaluation criteria needs to be refined, taking into account not only their incidence but also their intensity. Thus, in the present study, the percentage of seeds infected by the fungi (incidence) as well as the degree of infection on the seed surface (severity) of E. brasiliensis and E. pyriformis were evaluated after applying heat and osmotic treatments which controlled most fungi found in these seeds, except for Fusarium sp. and Penicillium sp. The evaluation of the severity showed that the effect of the treatments is not only quantitative, reducing the number of infected seeds; there was also a change in the development of the fungi, often reducing the severity of the infection, thus enabling the detection of differences between treatments that were not easily recognized when only using the incidence evaluation.Index terms: osmotherapy, thermotherapy, severity.Tratamentos osmóticos e térmicos no controle de fungos associados a sementes
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