BACKGROUND It is of great interest to use pillared clay (PILC) as a cheap support for a selective catalytic reduction (SCR) catalyst. Al‐Cr pillared clay (AlCr‐PILC) has high thermal stability due to the introduction of polycations of Al. As a support, AlCr‐PILC may show a co‐catalytic effect in SCR processes because chromium oxide itself is an active SCR catalyst. The aim of this work is to investigate the potential of AlCr‐PILC as a new low temperature SCR catalyst support. RESULTS A series of AlCr‐PILC with Al:Cr molar ratio varying from 0:4 to 4:0 were successfully synthesized to support manganese and cerium active phase. MnCe/AlCr(2:2)‐PILC exhibited the highest NOx conversion close to 100% at 200–300 °C, and more than 90% N2 selectively over a wide temperature window of 140–300 °C. The catalytic activity of MnCe/AlCr‐PILC in terms of both NOx conversion and N2 selectivity is much higher than those of MnCe/Al‐PILC, MnCe/Cr‐PILC, AlCr‐PILC, and the simple mixed MnCeAlCr, indicating the co‐catalytic effect of AlCr‐PILC support. CONCLUSION AlCr‐PILC is a very promising low‐temperature SCR catalyst support. The XRD, XPS, and H2‐TPR measurements prove that the co‐catalytic effect of AlCr‐PILC occurred via the strong interaction between MnCe and the AlCr‐PILC support. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry
High-resolution mass spectrometry is an advanced technique for comprehensive screening of toxic chemicals. In this study, urine samples were collected from both an occupationally exposed population at a coking site and normal inhabitants to identify novel urinary biomarkers for occupational exposure to coking contaminants. A coking-site-appropriate analytical method was developed for unknown chemical screening. Through nontarget screening, 515 differential features were identified, and finally, 32 differential compounds were confirmed as candidates for the current study, including 13 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) metabolites. Besides monohydroxy-PAHs (such as 1-&2naphthol, 2-&9-hydroxyfluorene, 2-&4-phenanthrol, and 1-&2hydroxypyrene), many other PAH metabolites including dihydroxy metabolites, PAH oxide, and sulfate conjugate were detected, suggesting that the quantification based solely on monohydroxy-PAHs significantly underestimated the human exposure to PAHs. Furthermore, several novel compounds were recognized that could be considered as biomarkers for the exposure to coking contaminants, including quinolin-2-ol (1.10 ± 0.44 ng/mL), naphthylmethanols (11.4 ± 5.47 ng/mL), N-hydroxy-1-aminonaphthalene (0.78 ± 0.43 ng/mL), hydroxydibenzofurans (17.4 ± 7.85 ng/mL), hydroxyanthraquinone (0.13 ± 0.053 ng/mL), and hydroxybiphenyl (2.70 ± 1.03 ng/mL). Despite their lower levels compared with hydroxy-PAHs (95.1 ± 30.8 ng/mL), their severe toxicities should not be overlooked. The study provides a nontarget screening approach to identify chemicals in human urine, which is crucial for accurately assessing the health risks of toxic chemicals in the coking industry.
BACKGROUND Electro‐generation of NaOH and H2SO4 with organic compound‐free Na2SO4 wastewater has been known for many years, but actually, lots of Na2SO4 wastewater contains organic pollutants, such as black liquor, dyeing and sulphonating wastewater etc., therefore, there is a strong demand for investigations on performance and effect of the organic pollutants in electrochemically splitting Na2SO4 into H2SO4 and NaOH from these wastewaters. RESULTS Co‐electrolysis of Na2SO4 (1.13 mol L−1) and AO7 (50 ∼ 500 mg L−1) was investigated in a diaphragm cell with IrO2‐coated Ti electrodes. It was found that the concentrations of the resulting NaOH and H2SO4 could remain at about 0.73 mol L−1 and 0.36 mol L−1, respectively, although the COD removal was increased from 50.3 mg L−1 to 166.3 mg L−1 with the increase of AO7 concentration, for 120 min. CONCLUSION In a diaphragm cell with IrO2‐coated Ti electrodes, NaOH and H2SO4 could be effectively generated, and simultaneously, AO7 could also be degraded for the wastewater containing Na2SO4 and AO7. Interestingly, the electro‐generation of NaOH and H2SO4 was not significantly affected by the occurrence and degradation of AO7 in the range 0–500 mg L−1. The phenomenon of constant acid–base yield contributed to the independence of the main acid‐generating reactions on the electro‐oxidation of AO7. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry
Lead (Pb) is a common metal, which can be toxic to the human body via the pollution of water or food, and can cause anemia and other diseases. However, what happens before hemolysis and anemia caused by Pb poisoning is unclear. Here, we demonstrated Pb can cause procoagulant activity of erythroid cells leading to thrombosis before hemolysis. In freshly isolated human erythroid cells, we observed that Pb resulted in hemolysis in both concentration- and time-dependent manners, but that no lysis occurred in Pb-exposed erythroid cells (≤20 μM for 1 h). Pb treatment did not cause shape changes at up to 0.5 h incubation but at 1 h incubation echinocyte and echino-spherocyte shape changes were observed, indicating that Pb can exaggerate a concentration- and time-dependent trend of shape changes in erythroid cells. After Pb treatment, ROS-independent eryptosis was shown with no increase of reactive oxygen species (ROS), but with an increase of [Ca2+]i and caspase 3 activity. With a thrombosis mouse model, we observed increased thrombus by Pb treatment (0 or 25 mg/kg). In brief, prior to hemolysis, we demonstrated Pb can cause ROS-independent but [Ca2+]i-dependent eryptosis, which might provoke thrombosis.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
hi@scite.ai
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.