Improved understanding of cellulose swelling mechanism is beneficial for increasing the hydrolysis efficiency of cellulosic substrates. Here, we report a family 5 glycoside hydrolase ArCel5 isolated from the cellulose-gelatinizing fungus Arthrobotrys sp. CX1. ArCel5 exhibited low specific hydrolysis activity and high cellulose swelling capability, which suggested that this protein might function as an accessory protein. Homology modeling glycosylation detection revealed that ArCel5 is a multi-domain protein including a family 1 carbohydrate-binding module, a glycosylation linker, and a catalytic domain. The adsorption capacity, structural changes and hydrature index of filter paper treated by different ArCel5 mutants demonstrated that CBM1 and linker played an essential role in recognizing, binding and decrystallizing cellulosic substrates, which further encouraged the synergistic action between ArCel5 and cellulases. Notably, glycosylation modification further strengthened the function of the linker region. Overall, our study provides insight into the cellulose decrystallization mechanism by a novel accessory protein ArCel5 that will benefit future applications.
Graphical Abstract
Improved understanding of the mechanism of cellulose pretreatment by accessory proteins is beneficial for increasing the hydrolysis efficiency of cellulosic substrates. Here, we report a protein ArCel5 isolated from the cellulose-gelatinizing fungus Arthrobotrys sp. CX1. ArCel5 with lower specific hydrolysis activity could effectively disrupt the structure of filter paper and might function as an accessory protein. ArCel5 is a multi-domain protein including a CBM1 family carbohydrate-binding module, a glycosylation linker, and a GH5 family catalytic domain. Based on analyses of adsorption capacity, SEM, hydrature index, FTIR, XRD, and synergistic activity, we demonstrated that CBM1 and linker played an essential role in the binding affinity of the protein and the decrystallization of filter paper, which further encouraged the synergistic action between ArCel5 and cellulases. Notably, glycosylation modification further strengthened the function of the linker region. Overall, the results of this study provide insight into the cellulose decrystallization mechanism of a novel accessory protein ArCel5 that will benefit future applications.
With the development of social economy, industrial design has become more and more influential. The development of the industrial design industry is one of the signs showing a modern civilization, innovation ability and comprehensive national strength. In the future economic development, design will become the mainstream force driving innovation. It can be seen that showing the added value in industrial design is a popular trend in the power balance between countries in the future. This article will discuss the aesthetic thought of Sori Yanagi, the father of Japanese industrial design, and discuss the influence of his aesthetic thought on Japanese industrial design.
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