Purpose
We aimed to systematically assess the efficacy of low-protein diet preventing progression of diabetic nephropathy based on randomized controlled trials (RCTs).
Methods
A systematic and electronic search was conducted. Initial searches of literature updated to September 2018 were made using the following databases including CNKI, VIP, Wanfang, Cochrane, PubMed, and Embase using the index words for qualified RCTs. Additional searches were performed to identify linked literature sources. Data of RCTs on low-protein diet versus control diet, efficacy analysis of kidney function, nutritional status or proteinuria were extracted. Random effects model and fixed effects model were applied to combine the data which were further analyzed by Chi-squared test and I
2
tests. The main outcomes were then analyzed through the use of relative risks (RR), mean difference (MD) and its 95% confidence interval (95% CI).
Results
Twenty articles were included in the present meta-analysis with a total of 690 patients in the low-protein diet group (LPD) and a total of 682 patients in the control group. Moderate to strong evidence indicated that LPD was significantly effective for decreasing the urinary albumin excretion rate (SMD:0.62, 95%CI:0.06–1.19) and proteinuria (SMD:0.69, 95%CI:0.22–1.16) versus the control group. No statistical difference, however, was found in glycosylated hemoglobin (SMD:0.17, 95%CI:-0.18–0.51), serum creatinine (SMD:0.20, 95%CI:-0.26–0.66), as well as glomerular filtration rate (SMD:0.21, 95%CI:-0.29–0.71) between the two groups.
Conclusion
The current meta-analysis reveals an effective role of low-protein diet in improving diabetic nephropathy. However, the small number of involved patients may limit the accuracy of results. High-quality RCTs with a larger sample size in the future are required to confirm the current findings.
Oxidative stress plays an important role in diabetic nephropathy (DN), which is a diabetic complication. Ampelopsin (AMP) is a natural flavonoid that has been found to possess antidiabetic and antioxidative activities. However, the effect of AMP on DN remains unclear. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the protective effect of AMP on glomerular mesangial cells (MCs) exposed to high glucose (HG). We found that AMP improved HG‐caused cell viability reduction in MCs. AMP significantly suppressed the intracellular ROS production and expression levels of ROS producing enzymes NADPH oxidase 2 (NOX2) and NOX4. Increased of NOX activity in HG‐stimulated MCs was suppressed by AMP. Pretreatment with AMP inhibited extracellular matrix (ECM) accumulation in HG‐stimulated MCs with decreased expression levels of fibronectin (FN) and collagen type IV (Col IV). Furthermore, AMP elevated the expression levels of nuclear Nrf2 and heme oxygenase‐1 (HO‐1), as well as increased the mRNA levels of Nrf2‐driven genes NAD(P)H dehydrogenase quinone‐1 (NQO‐1) and HO‐1 in HG‐treated MCs. Knockdown of Nrf2 reversed the protective effects of AMP against HG‐induced oxidative stress and EMC accumulation in MCs. In conclusion, these findings indicated that AMP protected MCs from HG‐induced oxidative damage and ECM accumulation, which might be mediated by Nrf2/HO‐1 pathway.
Out of 851 soybean accessions from Vietnam, China and Japan analyzed for 7S b-subunit variants, a new b-reduced subunit line with normal growth was collected from the Mekong Delta, Vietnam. Protein of the 'b-reduced' line is composed of b-reduced and extremely low-b types. (a-null + b-reduced) type and b-null (or extremely low-b) type were screened in the progeny seeds of the Japanese mutant '(a + b) null' line. Therefore, recombination between a-and b-subunits was identified. By comparing the nucleotide sequence of the partial b-subunit gene of Enrei (standard), Mo-shi-dou Gong 503 (a + b low), b-5 33 seed (b-reduced), b-5 7 seed (extremely low-b), and (a + b)-null 16 ((a + b) null) seed, we found that the base 'T' at 166 bp, in Enrei changed to 'G' in Mo-shi-dou Gong 503, b-5 33 and b-5 7 . Using the (a + b)-null 16 individual as template, a distinct 305 bp b-subunit gene fragment was identified, instead of a 285 bp fragment.Abbreviations: bp -base pair; kDa -kilo dalton
Background: The study aimed to uncover the regulation mechanisms of diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) and provide novel prognostic biomarkers. Methods: The dataset GSE62203 downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus database was utilized in the present study. After pretreatment using the Affy package, differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified by the limma package, followed by functional enrichment analysis and protein-protein interaction (PPI) network analysis. Furthermore, module analysis was conducted using MCODE plug-in of Cytoscape, and functional enrichment analysis was also performed for genes in the modules. Results: A set of 560 DEGs were screened, mainly enriched in the metabolic process and cell cycle related process. Hub nodes in the PPI network were LDHA (lactate dehydrogenase A), ALDOC (aldolase C, fructose-bisphosphate) and ABCE1 (ATP Binding Cassette Subfamily E Member 1), which were also highlighted in Module 1 or Module 2 and predominantly enriched in the processes of glycolysis and ribosome biogenesis. Additionally, LDHA were linked with ALDOC in the PPI network. Besides, activating transcription factor 4 (ATF4) was prominent in Module 3; while myosin heavy chain 6 (MYH6) was highlighted in Module 4 and was mainly involved in muscle cells related biological processes. Conclusions: Five potential biomarkers including LDHA, ALDOC, ABCE1, ATF4 and MYH6 were identified for DCM prognosis.
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