The application potential of wearable electronics in the healthcare field has been of great interest over the past several decades. Flexible and wearable devices based on skin-friendly soft elastic materials can be snugly attached to the surface of human skin, so that a series of vital health information such as wrist pulse, body temperature, and blood glucose can be extracted and analyzed to help the patient maintain physical fitness. Here, we outlined the most common types of wearable electronics for monitoring human health information, including force sensors, temperature sensors, physiological biochemical sensors, and multifunctional sensors. Their general working principles and structural innovations are reviewed. Then, we discussed two functional modules that make the wearable sensors more applicable in real life—self-powered module and signal processing module. The challenges and future research directions are also proposed to develop wearable electronics for monitoring human health information.

Among the four species of Echinacanthus (Acanthaceae), one distributed in the West Himalayan region and three restricted to the Sino-Vietnamese karst region. Because of its ecological significance, molecular markers are necessary for proper assessment of its genetic diversity and phylogenetic relationships. Herein, the complete chloroplast genomes of four Echinacanthus species were determined for the first time. The results indicated that all the chloroplast genomes were mapped as a circular structure and each genomes included 113 unique genes, of which 80 were protein-coding, 29 were tRNAs, and 4 were rRNAs. However, the four cp genomes ranged from 151,333 to 152,672 bp in length. Comparison of the four cp genomes showed that the divergence level was greater between geographic groups. We also analyzed IR expansion or contraction in the four cp genomes and the fifth type of the large single copy/inverted repeat region in Lamiales was suggested. Furthermore, based on the analyses of comparison and nucleotide variability, six most divergent sequences (rrn16, ycf1, ndhA, rps16-trnQ-UUG, trnS-GCU-trnG-UCC, and psaA-ycf3) were identified. A total of 37–45 simple sequence repeats were discovered in the four species and 22 SSRs were identified as candidate effective molecular markers for detecting interspecies polymorphisms. These SSRs and hotspot regions could be used as potential molecular markers for future study. Phylogenetic analysis based on Bayesian and parsimony methods did not support the monophyly of Echinacanthus. The phylogenetic relationships among the four species were clearly resolved and the results supported the recognition of the Sino-Vietnamese Echinacanthus species as a new genus. Based on the protein sequence evolution analysis, 12 genes (rpl14, rpl16, rps4, rps15, rps18, rps19, psbK, psbN, ndhC, ndhJ, rpoB, and infA) were detected under positive selection in branch of Sino-Vietnamese Echinacanthus species. These genes will lead to understanding the adaptation of Echinacanthus species to karst environment. The study will help to resolve the phylogenetic relationship and understand the adaptive evolution of Echinacanthus. It will also provide genomic resources and potential markers suitable for future species identification and speciation studies of the genus.

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) is a pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2). However, little is known about the durability of the antibody response during COVID‐19 convalescent phase. We investigated the prevalence of anti‐SARS‐CoV‐2 specific antibodies including immunoglobulin G (IgG) and immunoglobulin M (IgM) antibodies and the dynamic changes in antibody levels in convalescent COVID‐19 patients. A total of 159 blood samples were collected from 52 recovered COVID‐19 patients up to six months after symptom onset for longitudinal serological tests. The positive rate of IgG and IgM antibodies was 92.3% and 90.4% in the first month after symptom onset, and the seropositivity of IgG antibody remained high at all follow‐up time points, whereas the seropositivity of IgM antibody decreased to 22.73% by the sixth months after symptom onset. The level of IgG antibody was stable, the level of IgM antibody decreased slightly in the early convalescent phase and was detected in only five patients in the sixth month after symptom onset. The level of IgG antibody was higher in the severe and critical group than in the moderate group. The anti‐SARS‐CoV‐2 specific antibodies have a long‐term persistence in convalescent COVID‐19 patients, whether they have long‐term protection need to be further investigated.

optical properties. However, such materials are either expensive or require vacuum equipment, e.g., metal-organic chemical vapor deposition, to fabricate, [7][8][9] which places a restriction on a wide deployment. In recent years, organometal trihalide perovskites (OTPs) (with a structure of ABX 3 , where A is an organic cation CH 3 NH 3 + (MA), B is Pb 2+ , X is a halide anion or mixed halide) have drawn great attention and been a very promising candidate for opto-electronic applications due to low cost and high throughput solution process. Since the discovery of perovskitebased solar cells (PSCs) by Miyasaka and co-workers [10] power conversion efficiencies have exceeded 22% in less than seven years, [11] thanks to the outstanding physics properties, including the low exciton binding energy, strong light absorption, long carrier lifetime, large carrier diffusion coefficient, and low charge recombination rate. [12][13][14][15][16] These features also make the emerging perovskite materials a promising alternative to conventional semiconductors used in PDs. Indeed, solution-processed OTPs have yielded PDs with excellent device performance. [16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24] For instance, both polycrystalline films and single crystals of OTPs have been successfully used to fabricate the narrowband and broadband photodetectors. [25][26][27] As one of the earliest discovered and extensively researched perovskite materials, MAPbI 3 has been regarded as one of the most potential materials for PDs due to its broadband absorption and superb light sensitivity. Dong et al. reported a MAPbI 3 -based photodetector with excellent photoconductive properties. [20] Su et al. reported a self-powered photodetector based on MAPbI 3, which exhibited excellent responsivity and rapid response time for wavelength ranging from ultraviolet to visible light. [28] Chen et al. fabricated a flexible UV-vis-NIR photodetector based on MAPbI 3 with excellent mechanical flexibility and durability. [18] However, some issues about this material still exist. MAPbI 3 tends to degrade and dissociate into MAI and PbI 2 in air. [29][30][31] Recent work on FAPbX 3 (FA: CH 3 (NH 2 ) 2 + , X = I, Br, Cl) PSCs demonstrates better thermal durability than methylammonium perovskites. [31,32] However, FAPbI 3 has two different phases at room temperature: α-phase (desired perovskite phase) and δ-phase (photo-inactive phase). Also, the α-phase perovskite of FAPbI 3 , which is sensitive to solvents and moisture, would turn into the undesired δ-phase in an air atmosphere. [33] Photodetectors, which can convert light signals into electrical signals, are important opto-electronic devices in imaging, optical communication, biomedical/biological sensing, and so on. Here a solution-processed photodetector based on the triple cation perovskite is demonstrated. The perovskite photodetectors show a high detectivity, high speed, as well as excellent environmental stability. Operating at a low voltage bias of 2 V, the photodetectors exhibit a large on/off ratio of 10 5 , ...

Several metal plates with different thickness including copper, iron, aluminum, and stainless steel have been drilled in the surroundings of air and water, respectively, by a Q-switched pulsed Nd:yttrium–aluminum–garnet laser. It is observed that for the same metal plate less energy is needed to drill a hole in water than that in air, and the surface morphology of hole drilled in water is improved greatly than that in air by comparison of the scanning electron micrographs. The underlying mechanisms behind the efficiency and quality enhancement in water are further investigated by means of optical beam deflection technique. The experimental results show that due to the water confinement the peak amplitude and duration of the laser-ablation-generated impact underwater is much larger than that in air. During the underwater laser drilling, besides laser ablation effect, both the first and second liquid-jet-induced impulses by cavitation bubble collapse in the vicinity of a solid boundary are also observed and their amplitudes are, respectively, about 12.4 and 5.2 times that of the laser ablation impact in air. Cavitation bubbles are the special dynamic phenomenon occurring in liquids. Therefore, it is concluded that in-air-drilling laser ablation-produced impact is a dominant mechanism; while during laser underwater drilling, it is the result of a combination of ablation-produced impact effect and liquid-jet-induced impact, especially the latter. Thus, the efficiency and quality of laser processing in the surrounding water can be greatly increased and improved compared with that in air.