A systematic analysis of colonoscopic findings is very useful in the differential diagnosis between intestinal tuberculosis and Crohn's disease.

The cyberspace plays an important role in improving the quality, equity, and efficiency of health services. Studying people's adoption of online health services, such as online health consultation services (OHCS) can benefit both industry and policy in the health service sector. This paper investigates influencing factors and paths of people's intention of adopting OHCS by employing the extended valence framework, with our new contribution of integrating subjective norm and offline habit into the model. Five hundred forty-three university students participated in the survey. Structural equation models and Sobel-Goodman tests were applied to test the models. The results show that subjective norm (β = 0.077, p = 0.041), trust in providers (β = 0.194, p = 0.002) and perceived benefit (β = 0.463, p < 0.001) positively affect the intention to adopt OHCS, while offline habit (β = −0.111, p = 0.026) has a negative effect. However, the association of perceived risk (β = −0.062, p = 0.315) and adoption is not supported. Moreover, trust in providers plays a mediating role between subjective norm and the intention of adopting, while perceived benefit mediates the relationship between trust in providers and the intention of adopting. This study highlights the importance of trust, subjective norm, perceived benefit, and persisting habits in promoting the adoption of OHCS.

Laterally braced cold-formed steel beams

As the unscented Kalman filtering algorithm is sensitive to the battery model and susceptible to the uncertain noise interference, an improved iterate calculation method is proposed to improve the charged state prediction accuracy of the lithium ion battery packs by introducing a novel splice Kalman filtering algorithm with adaptive robust performance. The battery is modeled by composite equivalent modeling and its parameters are identified effectively by investigating the hybrid power pulse test. The sensitivity analysis is carried out for the model parameters to obtain the influence degree on the prediction effect of different factors, providing a basis of the adaptive battery characterization. Subsequently, its implementation process is carried out including model building and adaptive noise correction that are perceived by the iterate charged state calculation. Its experimental results are analyzed and compared with other algorithms through the physical tests. The polarization resistance is obtained as Rp = 16.66 mΩ and capacitance is identified as Cp=13.71 kF. The ohm internal resistance is calculated as Ro = 68.71 mΩ and the charged state has a prediction error of 1.38% with good robustness effect, providing a foundational basis of the power prediction for the lithium ion battery packs.

C-and Z-sections are two of the most common cold-formed steel shapes in use today. Accurate prediction of the bending performance of these sections is important for reliable and efficient cold-formed steel structures. Recent analytical work has highlighted discontinuities and inconsistencies in the AISI (1996) design provisions for stiffened elements under a stress gradient (i.e., the web of C-or Z-sections). New methods have been proposed for design, and an interim method has been adopted in the NAS (North American Specification 2001). However, existing tests on Cs and Zs do not provide a definitive evaluation of the design expressions, due primarily to incomplete restriction of the distortional buckling mode. Described in this paper are a series of flexural tests with details selected specifically to insure that local buckling is free to form, but distortional buckling and lateral-torsional buckling are restricted. The members selected for the tests provide systematic variation in the web slenderness (h/t) while varying other relevant non-dimensional parameters (i.e., h/b, b/t, d/t, d/b). Initial analysis of the completed testing indicates that overall test-to-predicted ratios for AISI (1996), S136 (1994), NAS (2001) and the Direct Strength Method (Schafer 2002) are all adequate, but systematic error is observed in AISI and S136 due to web/flange interaction.

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Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a most serious age-related neurodegenerative disorder accompanied with significant memory impairments in this world. Recently, microRNAs (miRNAs) have been reported to be invlolved in the pathophysiology of AD. Previous studies have shown that miRNA-206 (miR-206) is implicated in the pathogenesis of AD via suppressing the expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in the brain. Here, we examined the miR-206-3p and miR-206-5p expression in the hippocampus and cortex of Abeta precursor protein (APP)/presenilin-1 (PS1) transgenic mice treated with donepezil, a drug approved for treating AD in clinic. We found that the expression of miR-206-3p was significantly up-regulated in the hippocampus and cortex of APP/PS1 mice, while donepezil administration significantly reversed this dysfunction. In addition, enhancing the miR-206-3p level by the usage of AgomiR-206-3p significantly attenuated the anti-dementia effects of donepezil in APP/PS1 mice. Together, these results suggested that miR-206-3p is involved in the anti-dementia effects of donepezil, and could be a novel pharmacological target for treating AD.Key words Alzheimer's disease; brain-derived neurotrophic factor; donepezil; microRNA (miRNA)-206-3pAlzheimer's disease (AD) is a serious neurodegenerative disorder in old people, and always accompanied with significant memory impairments, affecting mainly the hippocampus and frontal cortex. 1,2) AD patients display relatively slow, chronic but progressive neurodegeneration and memory impairments, ultimately leading to full dementia.3,4) Recent survey found that AD is responsible for about 50-60% of all cases of dementia in people over age 65. 3,4) The etiology of AD remains unclear, though many pathophysiologic hallmarks of this disease have been disclosed and are currently well established. They involve a complex network of interconnected factors such as cholinergic dysfunction, aggregation and accumulation of β-amyloid (Aβ), intracellular formation of neurofibrillary tangles composed by tau, oxidative stress, neuronal loss, and so on.5-8) A lot of reports have shown that brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is critical for the establishment and maintenance of memory, while the dysfunction of BDNF system leads to memory impairments.9,10) It is known that BDNF combines to tyrosine kinase receptor B (TrkB) in the cell membrane, and then inducing the activation of several intracellular signaling pathways.11-13) Accumulating evidences have indicated that BDNF is implicated in the pathophysiology of AD. Previous studies have already found the reduced expression of BDNF in several brain regions (especially the hippocampus) of postmortem AD samples.14,15) By using the immunohistochemical method, Connor et al. found a significant reduction in not only intensity, but also the number of BDNF-immunoreactive cell in the hippocampus and cortex of AD samples.16) In addition, it was also thought that the Aβ-induced neurotoxicity and dendrite atrophy may due to a consequence of BDNF def...

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