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The risk factors for sentinel lymph node metastasis in our study were consistent with those in the Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center nomogram. The Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center nomogram is a useful tool that could accurately predict the probability of sentinel lymph node metastasis in our breast cancer patients. Axillary surgical staging might be avoided in patients with a predictive value of <16% and axillary lymph node dissection might be done directly in those with a predictive value >70%, while other patients should still accept sentinel lymph node biopsy.

The hippocampal CA3 contributes to spatial working memory (SWM), but which stage of SWM the CA3 neurons act on and whether the lateralization of CA3 function occurs in SWM is also unknown. Here, we reveal increased neural activity in both sample and choice phases of SWM. Left CA3 (LCA3) neurons show higher sensitivity in the choice phase during the correct versus error trials compared with right CA3 (RCA3) neurons. LCA3 initiates firing prior to RCA3 in the choice phase. Optogenetic suppression of pyramidal neurons in LCA3 disrupts SWM only in the choice phase. Furthermore, we discover that parvalbumin (PV) neurons, rather than cholinergic neurons in the medial septum (DB were cholinergic neurons), can project directly to unilateral CA3. Selective suppression of PV neurons in the MS projecting to LCA3 impairs SWM. The findings suggest that MS PV-LCA3 projection plays a crucial role in manipulating the lateralization of LCA3 in the retrieval of SWM.

Background Asthma is a prevailing respiratory disease among children, characterized by allergic airway inflammation, airway remodeling, and airway hyperresponsiveness. Although it is well‐known that long non‐coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are linked to a variety of human diseases and well‐documented, very few studies explore its role in asthma. In this study, we investigate the effects of lncRNA PVT1 on the promotion of airway inflammation and its associated mechanisms. Methods and Materials Human small airway epithelial cells (HSAECs) with PVT1 overexpressed or knocked down were constructed, and platelet activating factor (PAF) was used to treat HSAECs to mimic the pathological process of asthma in vitro. The expressions of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), interleukin‐1β (IL‐1β), IL‐6, and tumor necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α) were measured by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The expressions of PKC, MyD88, and NF‐ĸB were measured by Western blot. Monolayer permeability of HSAECs was also compared within different groups. Luciferase reporter gene assay was employed to detect the targeting relationship between PVT1 and miR‐149. Results The knockdown of PVT1 attenuated the levels of inflammatory factors induced by PAF and destruction of cell‐barrier function. The overexpression of PVT1 facilitated the pathological development. Additionally, miR‐149 was identified as a target microRNA of PVT1, and the overexpression of miR‐149 could reverse the effects of PVT1 on PAF‐induced HSAECs. Conclusion These findings suggest that PVT1 may represent a novel potential target for treatment of asthma.

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By means of the "swelling-diffusion-interfacial polymerization method" (SDIPM), we successfully coated polyaniline (PANi) onto the positively charged polystyrene (PS) particles, which electrostatically repulse each other. After initially forming aniline-swollen PS particles, diffusion of the monomer toward the aqueous phase was controlled through a slow addition of hydrochloric acid, eventually leading to its polymerization on the particle surface. It is an unique, facile, and efficient approach based on raw substrate particles with cationic surface, in comparison with the previous efforts focusing on laborious surface modification or customized design of the substrate particles. The synthesized composite particles have been extensively characterized using scanning electron microscope, transmission electron microscope, Fourier transform infrared, Raman spectroscopy, and thermogravimetry. The resultant PS/PANi core/shell conductive composites possessed a uniform, intact PANi overlayer, and furthermore, their mophology can be well controlled by simply changing weight ratio of aniline/PS. The importance of the results just consists in the fact that the limitation of constructing an overlayer on similarly charged substrate particles should be overcome by adopting the unique SDIPM.

Bifunctional electrochromic devices integrating electrochromism and energy storage have attracted extensive attention in recent years. Here, zinc-ion-intercalation-based multicolor electrochromic energy storage devices (EESDs) based on a free-standing Zn2+-based polymeric electrolyte membrane (ZPEM) and a nanocrystal-in-glass V2O5 thin film were constructed. Evolution of the interlayer spacing, V–O-related bonds, and chemical compositions of the V2O5 thin films with zinc ion intercalation and deintercalation is elaborated in a liquid Zn­(CF3SO3)2-propylene carbonate (PC) electrolyte. Impressively, highly reversible multi-electrochromism among greenish-blue, yellowish-green, greenish-yellow, faint-yellow, yellowish-orange, and reddish-orange colors is observed in both flexible V2O5 thin films and flexible ZPEM/V2O5/indium tin oxide (ITO) EESDs, which enjoy the benefits from the free channel originating from the large interlayer spacing, the buffering effect of the amorphous phase in the host nanocrystal-in-glass V2O5 matrix, the robust electrostatic interactions between the host V2O5 and guest Zn2+, and Faradaic redox reactions at the Zn2+/V2O5 active interface. The flexible multicolor EESD based on zinc ion intercalation and deintercalation exhibits remarkable electrochromic and energy storage performance with a high transmittance modulation of 57.88%, an excellent coloration efficiency of 36.91 cm2 C–1, a superior specific capacitance of 51 μF cm–2, an enhanced rate capacity, and a pseudocapacitive feature, making it a promising candidate for cost-efficient, environmentally friendly, and bifunctional electrochromic devices.

Abstract. The axillary treatment of patients with ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) remains controversial. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the roles of sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) in patients with breast DCIS. A database containing the data from 262 patients diagnosed with breast DCIS and 100 patients diagnosed with DCIS with microinvasion (DCISM) who received SLNB between January 2002 and July 2014 was retrospectively analyzed. Of the 262 patients with DCIS, 9 presented with SLN metastases (3 macrometastases and 6 micrometastases).Patients with large tumors diagnosed by ultrasound or with tumors of high histological grade had a higher positive rate of SLNs than those without (P=0.037 and P<0.0001, respectively). Of the 100 patients with DCISM, 11 presented with metastases. Younger patients had a higher positive rate of SLNs (P=0.028). According to the results of this study and the systematic review of recent studies, the indications of SLNB for patients with DCIS are as follows: SLNB should be performed in all DCISM patients and in those DCIS patients who received mastectomy, and could be avoided in those who received breast-conserving surgery. However, SLNB should be recommended to patients who have high risks of harboring invasive components. The risk factors include a large, palpable tumor, a mammographic mass or a high histological grade.