The early removal of an unerupted mesiodens before the age of 5 years would seem to reduce complications and the need for orthodontic treatment. With the help of general anesthesia and evaluation by CT imaging, concerns regarding the child's cooperation and the possibility of damage to adjacent permanent teeth during early surgical intervention can be minimized.
Surface plasmon in nanoscaled materials has recently attracted a great deal of attention due to its possibility in a wide range of application. From a practical standpoint, it is desirable for the devices having a tunability of surface plasmon frequency. To achieve this goal, in this study, a composite consisting of two-dimensional gold nanoparticles array embedded in elastic polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) membrane has been synthesized. Because the elastic PDMS membrane has a high malleability, with an external stress, it is very easy to regulate the interparticle distance in the gold nanoparticle array. The change in the distance between each nanoparticle will alter the surface plasmon interaction, and hence surface plasmon frequency can be manipulated. It is found that when the interparticle distance increases, the enhanced surface plasma mutual coupling will cause the blueshift of surface plasmon resonance frequency. The observed result satisfies the forecast based on electromagnetic theory.
In the study of interaction between emissive gold nanoclusters and silver nanoparticles, we explored that the emission of gold nanoclusters is very sensitive to the presence of silver nanoparticles. Quite remarkably, the quenching ratio can reach more than several hundred times. We demonstrate that the underlying mechanism can be attributed to the surface energy transfer with the quenching efficiency following the expression χ = 1/[1 + (d/d
0)4], where d is the distance between gold nanoclusters and silver nanoparticles, and d
0 is the characteristic length of energy transfer. This highly sensitive behavior in the composite consisting of relatively nontoxic gold nanoclusters and silver nanoparticles may find a powerful potential in developing biomedical applications, such as biosensors and drugs delivery.
The domain switching behavior of a substrate-free lead magnesium niobate-lead titanate thin sheet by an opposite electric field (E) was examined by piezoresponse force microscopy. It is shown that the polarization reversal process involved two steps. First, the polarization switched from the initial normal direction to an in-plane direction at −E<5 kV/cm. Second, at −E>5 kV/cm, the polarization was further switched from the in-plane direction to the opposite field direction. The preference of the in-plane polarization at −5 kV/cm was attributed to the thin-sheet geometry, which also manifested itself as a maximum in dielectric constant at the same field.
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