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We unexpectedly observed a large amplification of the dielectric properties associated with the photoswitching effect and the new unusual phenomenon of delayed photoinduced capacitor-like (i.e. electric polarization) behavior at the interface on samples of three-layered core-shell (γ-FeOx@AuNP)@[C60(>DPAF-C9)](n)2 nanoparticles (NPs) in frequencies of 0.5-4.0 GHz. The detected relative dielectric constant amplification was initiated upon switching off the light followed by relaxation to give an excellent recyclability. These NPs having e(-)-polarizable fullerosomic structures located at the outer layer were fabricated from highly magnetic core-shell γ-FeOx@AuNPs. Surface-stabilized 2 in a core-shell structure was found to be capable of photoinducing the surface plasmonic resonance (SPR) effect by white LED light. The accumulated SPR energy was subsequently transferred to the partially bilayered C60(>DPAF-C9) fullerosomic membrane layer in a near-field (∼1.5 nm) region without producing radiation heat. Since the monostatic SAR signal is dielectric property-dependent, we used these measurements to provide evidence of derived reflectivity changes on a surface coated with 2 at 0.5-4.0 GHz upon illumination of LED white light. We found that a high, >99%, efficiency of response amplification in image amplitude can be achieved.

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To construct a hybrid titania photoanode containing nanoparticles and nanorods of varied size in a multilayer (ML) configuration for dye-sensitized solar cells, the essence of our ML design is a bilayer system with additional layers of nanorods of well-controlled size inserted between the transparent and the scattering layers to enhance the light-harvesting capability for photosensitizers with small absorptivity, such as Z907. We measured charge-extraction and intensity-modulated photoelectric spectra to show the advantages of one-dimensional nanorods with an improved electron-transport property and an upward shift of the potential band edge; a favorable ML configuration was constructed to have a cascade potential feature for feasible electron transport from long nanorods, to normal nanorods, to small nanoparticles. On the basis of the ML system reported herein, we demonstrate how the performance of a Z907 device is improved to attain η ∼10%, which is a milestone for its future commercialization.

Abstract:We designed and synthesized several nanomaterials 3 of three-layered core-shell (γ-FeOx@AuNP)@[C60(>DPAF-C9)1or2]n nanoparticles (NPs). These NPs having e − -polarizable fullerosome structures located at the outer layer were fabricated from highly magnetic core-shell γ-FeOx@AuNPs. Fullerosomic polarization of 3 was found to be capable of causing a large amplification of material permittivity that is also associated with the photoswitching effect in the frequency range of 0.5-4.0 GHz. Multilayered synthetic construction allows Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) of photoinduced accumulative surface plasmon resonance (SPR) energy in the gold layer to the partially bilayered C60(>DPAF-C9)1or2-derived fullerosome membrane shell layer in a near-field of direct contact without producing radiation heat, which is commonly associated with SPR.