(1) Bilateral thyroidal uptake of FDG can be found in normal variants and subjects with various thyroid disorders, showing varieties of uptake patterns. (2) Diffuse intense uptake and higher SUV levels are a clue to a diagnosis of chronic thyroiditis, especially for those with hypothyroidism. (3) Focally intense uptake suggests the possibility of a thyroid carcinoma. (4) Sparse uptake associated with the thymus and symmetrical skeletal muscle uptake and lower SUV level raise the possibility of Graves' disease with hyperthyroidism.

ObjectivesThe detailed course of mental disorders at the acute and subacute stages of mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI), especially with regard to recovery from sleep disturbances, has not been well characterised. The aim of this study was to determine the course of depression, anxiety and sleep disturbance, following an mTBI.SettingWe recruited patients with mTBI from three university hospitals in Taipei and healthy participants as control group for this study.Participants100 patients with mTBI (35 men) who were older than 20 years, with a Glasgow Coma Scale score of 13–15 and loss of consciousness for <30 min, completed the baseline and 6-week follow-up assessments. 137 controls (47 men) without TBI were recruited in the study. None of the participants had a history of cerebrovascular disease, mental retardation, previous TBI, epilepsy or severe systemic medical illness.Primary outcome measuresThe Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI), the Beck Depression Inventory II (BDI), the Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS) and the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) were assessed for the patients with mTBI at baseline and 6 weeks after mTBI and for the controls.ResultsThe ESS scores were not significantly different between the mTBI at baseline or at 6 weeks after mTBI and controls. Although the BAI, BDI and PSQI scores of the mTBI group were significantly different than those of the control group at baseline, all had improved significantly 6 weeks later. However, only the PSQI score improved to a level that was not significantly different from that of the control group.ConclusionsDaytime sleepiness is not affected by mTBI. However, mTBI causes depression and anxiety and diminished sleep quality. Although all these conditions improve significantly within 6 weeks post-mTBI, only sleep quality improves to a pre-mTBI level. Thus, recovery from mTBI-induced sleep disturbance occurs more rapidly than that of mTBI-induced depression and anxiety.

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Purpose: Many international investigations showed that external beam radiotherapy combined with high‐dose‐rate (HDR) brachytherapy will achieve therapeutic effect for prostate cancer. Hence, it is important to determine the treatment precision of in‐vivo dosimetry. However, a number of factors could potentially lead to the discrepancy between the predicted dose and the actually absorbed dose. In this study, in‐phantom measurements simulating the HDR brachytherapy for the treatment of prostate cancer had been performed. Method and Materials: To validate our in‐vivo dosimetry system, a prostate phantom is designed. The innovative glass dosimeter (GD) and rod thermoluminescence dosimeter (TLD) were used in this study. The calibration of the dosimeter results showed the GD is a suitable dosimeter for radiation therapy dosimetry. Results: In this study, the compatibility factor (measured dose/calculated dose by TPS) was analyzed according to the locations in the phantom. For GDs and TLDs, the mean compatibility factor was 1.00±0.03 (range, 0.97 to 1.04) and 1.01±0.03 (range, 0.95 to 1.04) respectively with single source dwell position. In multiple source dwell positions, the mean compatibility factor was 0.98±0.03 (range, 0.93 to 1.02) for GDs. Conclusion: The results showed that the differences in dose between the measurement and calculation were within ±3% with single source dwell position. The measurements simulating the real clinical situations agree with the calculated values within 5%. In this study, results showed that GD displayed ideal properties for phantom‐dosimetry. Phantom‐dosimetry results show that dose delivery after CT‐based planning can be of clinically acceptable accuracy.