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Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is currently the most common agent of congenital infection and the leading infectious cause of brain damage and hearing loss in children. Symptomatic congenital CMV infections usually result from maternal primary infection during early pregnancy. One half of symptomatic infants have cytomegalic inclusion disease (CID), which is characterized by involvement of multiple organs, in particular, the reticuloendothelial and central nervous system (CNS). Moreover, such involvement may or may not include ocular and auditory damage. Approximately 90% of infants with congenital infection are asymptomatic at birth. Preterm infants with perinatal CMV infection can have symptomatic diseases such as pneumonia, hepatitis, and thrombocytopenia. Microcephaly and abnormal neuroradiologic imaging are associated with a poor prognosis. Hearing loss may occur in both symptomatic and asymptomatic infants with congenital infection and may progress through childhood. Congenital infection is defined by the isolation of CMV from infants within the first 3 weeks of life. Ganciclovir therapy can be considered for infants with symptomatic congenital CMV infection involving the CNS. Pregnant women of seronegative state should be counseled on the importance of good hand washing and other control measures to prevent CMV infection. Heat treatment of infected breast milk at 72?#608;for 5 seconds can eliminate CMV completely

Depletion of praziquantel in plasma and muscle tissue after oral and bath treatments was studied in cultured rockfish Sebastes schlegeli. In the oral treatment, a single dose of 400 mg praziquantel kg -1 body weight was administered by intubation of the stomach. A bath treatment at 100 ppm of praziquantel for 4 min was also carried out. Plasma and muscle tissue samples were collected at 3, 6, 12, 24, 48, 72, 96, 120, 144 and 168 h post-treatment, and analyzed for praziquantel by reversed-phase HPLC using diazepam as the internal standard. Following oral treatment, praziquantel was detected in plasma and muscle tissue until 96 h after treatment. In plasma the praziquantel concentration was highest at the 9 h sampling time and declined sharply at the 48 h sampling point. The concentrations of praziquantel in the muscle tissue were lower than those in the plasma, and the highest value was found at the 9 h sampling time. Following bath treatment, praziquantel was found in plasma and muscle tissue until 72 and 24 h after treatment, respectively. In plasma the praziquantel concentration was highest at the 12 h sampling time and declined sharply thereafter. The concentrations of praziquantel in the muscle tissue were significantly lower than those in the plasma, and the concentrations declined consistently with time.KEY WORDS: Praziquantel · Depletion · Rerversed-phase HPLC · Plasma · Muscle · Oral and bath treatment 45: 203-207, 2001 The aim of the present study was to determine residues of praziquantel in cultured rockfish after both oral and bath treatments. Praziquantel concentrations were determined by reversed-phase HPLC with UV detection at 217 nm, and diazepam was used as the internal standard. Resale or republication not permitted without written consent of the publisherDis Aquat Org MATERIALS AND METHODSChemicals and reagents. Praziquantel (2-cyclohexylcarbonyl-4-oxo-1, 2, 3, 6, 7,11b-hexahydro-4H-pyrazino[2,1-a]isoquinoline) and the internal standard, diazepam (7-chloro-1-methyl-5-phenyl-3H-1, 4-benzodiazepin-2[1H]-one), were kindly donated by Shinpoong Pharma. Co. Ltd. (Seoul, Korea). Acetonitrile for the mobile phase and distilled water were of chromatographic grade (E. Merck, Germany). Standard solutions of praziquantel were made by dilution of stock solution with mobile phase (10 µg praziquantel ml -1 mobile phase). The internal standard solution was prepared by dissolving 10 µg of diazepam into 1 ml of mobile phase.Fish. Seventy untreated, clinically healthy rockfish Sebastes schlegeli weighing 150 to 180 g were obtained from a local rockfish farm. The fish were separated into 2 groups (oral treatment and bath treatment) and were acclimatized for 7 d before experiments in flow-through 500 l aquaria. The water temperature was 21 to 22°C and the pH was 7.0 to 7.2. The fish were starved during both the acclimation and the experimental period to avoid differences in drug kinetics owing to differences in nutritional status.Experimental regimen. Oral treatment: Just before treatment, the fish we...

PurposeWe investigated fecal calprotectin (FC) levels in preterm infants with and without feeding intolerance (FI), and compared the FC levels according to the type of feeding.MethodsThe medical records of 67 premature infants were reviewed retrospectively. The fully enteral-fed infants were classified into two groups; the FI group (29 infants) and the control group (31 infants). Seven infants with necrotizing enterocolitis, sepsis, and perinatal asphyxia were excluded. If breast milk (BM) or preterm formula (PF) could not be tolerated by infants with FI, amino acid-based formula (AAF) was tried temporarily. Once FI improved, AAF was discontinued, and BM or PF was resumed. We investigated the FC levels according to the type of feeding.ResultsSignificant differences were found in gestational age, birth weight, age when full enteral feeding was achieved, and hospital stay between the FI and control group (p<0.05). The FC levels in the FI group were significantly higher than those in the control group (p<0.05). The FC levels in the AAF-fed infants with FI were significantly lower than those in the BM- or PF-fed infants (p<0.05). The growth velocities (g/d) and z scores were not significantly different between the FI and control group (p>0.05).ConclusionThe FC levels in AAF-fed infants with FI showed significantly lower than those in the BM- or PF-fed infants with FI. The mitigation of gut inflammation through the decrease of FC levels in AAF-fed infants with FI could be presumed.

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The physical, mechanical, water purification and temperature properties of fiber reinforced porous hwang-toh green roof concrete have been evaluated in this study. The effect of the depending on replacement ratio of blast furnace slag to cement was investigated such that the replacement ratio is varied to 0 % and 30 %. Also, the replacement ratios of hwang-toh were 0, 20 and 30 %. The polyvinyl alcohol fiber was used for the reinforcing fiber. A series of pH test, unit weight, void ratio, compressive strength, after purification and variation of temperature test have been performed to evaluate the performance, water purification effect and temperature properties of the fiber reinforced porous hwang-toh green roof concrete. The test results indicate that the physical and mechanical properties of fiber reinforced porous hwang-toh green roof concrete is affected by the replacement ratio of the blast furnace slag and hwang-toh contents. Results of purifying water showed that the water purification effect of porous hwang-toh green roof concrete is about 40 %. Also, the temperature properties test results indicate the green roof blocks using fiber reinforced porous hwang-toh green roof concrete have insulation and temperature reduction effect.