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Abstract. the objective of this study was to clarify the growth and proliferation style of human lung cancer grown in an orthotopic transplantation model. the human lung squamous cell carcinoma SQ5 and adenocarcinoma a549 cell lines were used. tumor cells suspended in serum-free medium were directly injected into the main bronchi of anesthetized female Balb/c athymic nude mice with simultaneous administration of 0.01 m ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid. Bromodeoxyuridine was injected into mice 20 min before sacrifice. Lung tissue with tumor nodules and subcutaneous tumors were fixed and confirmed by histological examinations. Bromodeoxyuridinelabeled cells in the tumor area were counted, and the proliferation index was calculated. lung tumor colonies of various sizes were obtained in the SQ5-and a549-cell orthotopically transplanted mice. Orthotopic SQ5 tumors whose minor diameter was 40-700 µm and major diameter was 80-830 µm showed no definite necrosis. Orthotopic SQ5 tumors whose minor diameter was 540-5,200 µm and major diameter was 600-6,100 µm showed definite necrosis in the tumor center. Similar results were also found in the orthotopic a549 tumors. the proliferation index was 7.38 (3.03)/10.63 (3.10) in the orthotopic SQ5 tumors with/without necrosis and 6.99 (2.10) in the subcutaneous SQ5 tumors with necrosis, respectively. the proliferation index was 2.70 (0.88)/3.53 (1.70) in the orthotopic a549 tumors with/without necrosis and 3.91 (0.63) in the subcutaneous a549 tumors with necrosis, respectively. the data suggest that this orthotopic transplantation model may provide the proper organ microenvironment for lung cancer growth and may be suitable for the target therapy research of human lung cancer.