In the interests of food safety and public health, plants and their compounds are now re-emerging as an alternative approach to treat gastrointestinal diseases in chickens. Here, we studied the impact of the edible medicinal plant, B. pilosa, on growth performance, gut bacteria and coccidiosis in chickens. First, we found that B. pilosa significantly elevated body weight gain and lowered feed conversion ratio in chickens. Next, we showed that B. pilosa reduced cecal damage as evidenced by increased hemorrhage, villus destruction and decreased villus-to-crypt ratio in chicken ceca. We also performed pyrosequencing of the PCR ampilcons based on the 16S rRNA genes of gut bacteria in chickens. Metagenomic analysis indicated that the chicken gut bacteria belonged to 6 phyla, 6 classes, 6 orders, 9 families, and 8 genera. More importantly, we found that B. pilosa affected the composition of bacteria. This change in bacteria composition was correlated with body weight gain, feed conversion ratio and gut pathology in chickens. Collectively, this work suggests that B. pilosa has beneficial effects on growth performance and protozoan infection in chickens probably via modulation of gut bacteria.
Transmural invasion of the trachea by welldifferentiated thyroid carcinomas is a locally advanced disease condition. It frequently causes deaths owing to airway obstruction. We hypothesized that resection of the invaded trachea followed by primary anastomosis provides the opportunity for cure.Design: A retrospective review study of medical records.Setting: The surgical department of a tertiary referral center.
A three-band white light-emitting diode (LED) was fabricated using an InGaN-based blue LED chip that emits 455nm blue light, and green phosphor SrSi2O2N2:Eu and red phosphor CaSiN2:Ce that emit 538nm green and 642nm red emissions, respectively, when excited by the 455nm blue light. The luminous efficacy of this white LED is about 30lm∕W at a dc of 20mA. With increasing dc from 5.0to60mA, both the coordinates x and y of the white LED tend to be the same, and consequently the Tc is the same and the Ra increases to 92.2.
Aims: To compare bacterial populations and antimicrobial resistance patterns between clinical and sewage isolates from a regional hospital in northern Taiwan. The dissemination of antibiotic‐resistant bacteria from hospital compartments to the hospital sewage treatment plant was examined.
Methods and Results: A total of 1020 clinical isolates and 435 sewage isolates were collected between July and September 2005. The percentages of Gram‐negative bacteria from the clinical and sewage isolates were 87·2% and 91·0%, respectively (P = 0·033). Escherichia coli were the leading bacterial isolates in both groups. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing showed a significant difference (P < 0·001) in resistance to ampicillin (85·6%vs 94·1%), ampicillin/sulbactam (31·7%vs 55·4%), cefazolin (29·2%vs 71·5%) and cefuroxime (20·7%vs 61·9%) between clinical and sewage coliform isolates, respectively.
Conclusions: The sewage isolates had higher antimicrobial resistance rates than the clinical isolates from the same hospital.
Significance and Impact of the Study: The low efficacy of the hospital sewage treatment may contribute to the dissemination of multidrug resistant bacteria from this hospital compartments to the environment. Practices which limit the disposal of antimicrobial agents into the wastewater system may be the possible measure to prevent the selection of multidrug‐resistant bacteria from sewage treatment plants.
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