Building materials are important factors that have given heritage buildings special feature and distinct it from other modern buildings. These materials are usually taken from the sources that were available in that region, such as wood, clay, plaster, stone ... etc., as they have been affected by various factors such as humidity. Humidity is one of the basic components of a natural environment that affects buildings in general and the residential buildings in particular. Humidity causes rot, melting, collapse, corrosion and bending in building materials, and this can be seen in selected models in the heritage areas of Sulaimani city. The research assumes that humidity affects building materials in varying degrees. Then through graphic analysing and also analysing the table of indicators, the hypothesis of the research has been tested and the main conclusions have been discussed.
The class phenomenon is a social case that exists in every society, despite that all the theories tries to deny it. It is an old phenomenon which refers to the beginning of the life of human beings. Previous researchs refer this phenomenon to a number of factors, such as: econnmical basis, professional basis, lifestyle and cultural prevailing of that time, and according to that, sociologists classified these differences within social classes. They affect the social status, behavior, values and lifestyle of people, as well as their place of residence and design. Accordingly, this paper has been designed to expalin the influence of social classes on the design of residential buildings through a historical and analytical approach that illustrates and confirms the research idea. This research assumes that the social phenomenon has a role in creating differences between the designs of traditional residential buildings. In order to prove this, the Erbil Citadel has been chosen as a model of this practical study, because it has clear divisions that consist of three different regions (Saray, Takiya and Topkhana), these divisions are taken from the class divisions of the Ottoman Empire, because the Citadel was a part of the Ottoman Empire until 1918. The research has been divided into two main sections. In the first section, the theoretical aspects of the study have been identified. The concept of layers and the reasons for their appearance have been examined, as the Erbil Citadel has been studied historically. In the second section, the most important analysis of the impact of social classes on the design of residential buildings heritage in the Erbil Citadel have been examined through the outcomes that are drawn from the first part. Finally, the findings of the study have been discussed and tested.
Future expansion is an extension of an existing building by adding new parts or connecting with buildings in order to create new expression and function for the building, expansion in general deals with future situation, building as it doesn’t need expansions, but within time factor it needs the expansion and the changes. The expansion in educational buildings is very important and needed for the changes of the learning process , that’s why , the design of the educational buildings should be very re-actionable with the changes , beside reserving the formal unity of the new and old buildings and the needs of the learning process . This research ,study the relationship between Future Expansion on Architectural Form and the effect of Future Expansion on the architectural form of Kurdistan Region of Iraq university buildings, the problem of the research is lake of knowledge in studying the effects of expansion in the formal unity in university architecture, for that the study focused on two parts , the first is the theoretical side and the conceptual thoughts of the factors of the study , the second one is the practical study and the graphical analyzing of the case study(old campus of Sulaimani University), and discussing the outcomes ,and the conclusions of the study.
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