We investigated the fate of trace elements (TE) in poplar wood on the conversion of biomass to heat in a 0.2 MW combustion unit equipped with a fabric filter. The phytoremediation wood was harvested from a TE-contaminated agricultural site planted with a high-density poplar stand. The combustion technology used in the present experiment allows for an efficient separation of the various ash fractions. The combustion process concentrates Cu, Cr, and Ni in the bottom ash, heat exchanger ash, and cyclone ash fractions. Therefore, the impact of the fabric filter is negligible for these elements. Conversely, Cd, Pb, and Zn are significantly recovered in the emission fraction in the absence of the fabric filter above the emission limits. The use of a fabric filter will allow the concentration of these three TEs in the ashes collected below the filter, thus complying with all regulatory thresholds, i.e., those from the large combustion plant EU directive. Because the TE concentrations in the different fractions differed significantly, it is recommended that these fractions be treated separately, especially when recycling of ashes from phytoremediation wood through application in agriculture is envisaged.
La majeure partie des ordures ménagères en France est éliminée via deux filières : le stockage et l'incinération. Le stockage en conditions anaérobies conduit à la formation de biogaz, riche en méthane mais qui contient des composés nuisibles et malodorants tels que H 2 S. L'incinération, quant à elle, génère principalement un sous-produit solide : les mâchefers d'incinération d'ordures ménagères qu'il faut stocker ou valoriser après traitement. Cette étude, menée pour le compte de la société Novergie, porte sur une nouvelle voie de valorisation des mâchefers (seuls ou en tant qu'éléments constitutifs d'un mélange) : l'épuration du biogaz de décharge. Une expérimentation de taille pilote installée sur le site de la société Biovale (Loire) a permis de quantifier le potentiel épuratoire d'un mâchefer vis-à-vis d'H 2 S d'un biogaz réel. L'étude complémentaire des interactions entre le mâchefer et les deux principaux composés du biogaz (méthane, dioxyde de carbone) apporte des informations particulièrement intéressantes dans le cadre d'une mise en oeuvre réelle à l'échelle d'une décharge. Mots-clefs centre d'enfouissement technique, incinération, valorisation des mâchefers, épuration biogaz, sulfure d'hydrogène, méthane, dioxyde de carboneThe most utilised methods for municipal waste disposal in France are landfilling and incineration. Storage of organic waste materials to landfill in anaerobic conditions produces landfill gas, which contains enough methane for combustion and energy recovery; however, landfill gas also contains trace compounds that can be corrosive, aggressive and hazardous to the environment. Among these compounds, we were particularly interested in the main sulfur compound, H 2 S, which in addition, causes olfactory nuisances. Incineration produces mainly one solid waste: Municipal Solid Waste Incinerator (MSWI) bottom ash, which needs to be stored or reused after treatment. This study, supported by the Novergie company, focuses on a new way of reusing MSWI bottom ash in the treatment and purification of landfill gas. The overall study concerned the purification capacities of bottom ash either alone or as a part of a mixture (with coke) towards H 2 S and other potentially harmful landfill gas compounds. Only results concerning H 2 S are discussed in this paper. A pilot experimentation unit was developed and operated at the Biovale company engineered landfill (Loire). The purification potential of bottom ash from North-Lyon incineration plant was experimented on real landfill gas. The additional study of interactions between bottom ash and the two main compounds of landfill gas (methane and carbon dioxide) is particularly interesting within the context of a full scale implementation in an engineered landfill. INTRODUCTIONLa production d'ordures ménagères (OM) est aujourd'hui d'environ 26 Mt par an en France (ADEME (a)). La quantité de déchets reçus par les installations collectives de traitement représente en moyenne près de 450 kg d'ordures ménagères par habitant et par an. Une composition moyenne...
Pour cette étude, un grand nombre de tests de lixiviation a été réalisé sur un même mâchefer d'incinération d'or dures ménagères. La qualité de l'échantillonnage est essen tielle. Malgré de grandes précautions, la répétabilité de la totalité de l'opération (échantillonnage, test de lixivia tion, analyse) n'est pas suffisante vis-à-vis de certains para mètres chimiques quand on applique strictement la norme Afnor X-31 210 (concassage à 4 mm). For this study, a great number of leaching test has been done on the same waste to energy bottom ash. The influence of sampling on the results is very impor tant. Despite many precautions, the whole repetitiv ness (sampling, leachting test, analysis), is not enough regarding some chemical parameters, if standard Afnor X-31 210 is strictly applied (4 mm crushing).
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
hi@scite.ai
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.