The purpose of the present study was to examine the relation between oral hygiene habits, denture plaque, presence of yeasts and stomatitis in institutionalised elderly. A sample of 201 residents, 48-99 yr of age (mean age 82 yr), was selected from four different institutions in Lothian, Scotland. Clinical recordings were carried out under standardised circumstances using well recognised indices. Information about oral hygiene habits was obtained through structured interviews conducted immediately before the clinical examination. A multivariate analysis, principal component, was carried out on the correlated five maxillary denture plaque scores and two components, accounting for 74% and 12% of the variation, were identified. Using these two independent variables, an analysis of variance was carried out testing for significance between the four effects: soaking habits, brushing habits, denture stomatitis and growth of yeasts in the palate together with their interactions. The analysis showed a significant relation between maxillary denture plaque, soaking habits and the presence of denture stomatitis. There was no relation between denture plaque and brushing habits or between denture plaque and growth of yeasts.
A study was carried out of 121 elderly edentulous individuals living in institutionalised homes in the Lothian Region, Scotland to determine the prevalence of yeasts and associated oral disease. Clinical examinations found that 65(54%) of the individuals suffered from denture stomatitis, and yeasts were recovered from 51(78%) of these individuals. The main yeasts isolated were Torulopsis glabrata and Candida albicans. Culture of saliva samples produced a slightly higher recovery rate of yeasts compared with swabbing of the floor of mouth and palate. The number of cigarettes smoked per day had a significant positive effect on the presence of denture stomatitis. No difference in disease state was shown between secretors and non-secretors of blood group antigens in saliva. This study demonstrates a significant level of oral mucosal infection in an institutionalised elderly population.
Fluoride rinsing can be effectively targeted at children from deprived areas through school-based initiatives. There are some difficulties in recruiting all children from the more deprived backgrounds, but overall reductions in D(3)MFT were observed.
The purpose of the present study was to develop and evaluate educational approaches specifically for improvement of oral hygiene behaviour amongst institutionalised elderly. A sample of 201 residents, 48-99 yr of age (mean age 82 yr), was selected from four different institutions in Lothian, Scotland. A clinical examination and a structured interview were conducted immediately before and 2 months after the termination of the programme. The four institutions were blind to the examiner and randomly allocated to a control group or one of the three programmes; 1) active involvement of staff only; 2) active involvement of residents only; 3) active involvement of both residents and staff. The programme comprised three 1-h sessions at monthly intervals in groups of five to six residents or members of staff. The analysis of the results showed poor oral health and oral hygiene, high objective need for oral care but low perceived need. The programme had little impact on most of the included variables and only about half of the participants remembered the programme 2 months after its termination. The implications of the study are that groups of elderly need to be differentiated further so that only well and not confused elderly participate in programmes such as this and less well and confused elderly receive regular professional support with oral hygiene.
Abstract— A multi‐center study of canes experience and defects of dental enamel was conducted among 12‐yr‐old children in north London, Edinburgh, Glasgow and Dublin. None of the cities had water fluoridation except Dublin, which was included in the national program introduced in the Republic of Ireland in 1964. A random sample of children was drawn from state schools in each location and identical methods of clinical examination were used throughout under the same stadardized conditions. All examiners were trained and calibrated with a reference examiner and achieved high levels of inter‐ and intra‐examiner consistency. Mean DMFT values for the 4 cities were 1.27 (London), 1.39 (Edinburgh), 2.70 (Glasgow) and 1.48 (Dublin) (P<0.001). Proportions of subjects free from caries in the same order were, 50, 47, 24 and 43% (P<0.001), and child prevalence of diffuse opacities, 28, 29, 7 and 17% (P<0.001), respectively. The relatively low caries levels recorded in London and Edinburgh (lower than Dublin) were considered to be related most probably to fluoride effects other than water fluoridation.
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