Numerous national parks have been established worldwide to protect nature, but this has not been without social consequences for neighbouring communities. Since the social and economic vitality of adjacent communities is being recognized more and more as indispensable for the success of conservation objectives, the quality of park-community relations has become a critical issue. A four-year investigation into the social impacts engendered by two national parks situated in the Saguenay region of Quebec (Canada) was conducted, according to a social impact assessment method. Several impacts and changes were identified on resource management, on the local economy, on the tourist industry, on involvement and participation of local actors and on the social organization of the neighbouring communities. The significance of these impacts varied according to the community and the actors involved. The results of the present research point to the determining role of the government in general, and of the park management in particular, in the process of local community development. In this regard, recommendations are addressed to local communities to improve their partnership with national parks.
Dans un contexte de mondialisation de la sphère économique et de territorialisation du social, la notion de partenariat revêt une signification nouvelle. Après l'ère de la consultation et de la concertation, le partenariat à l'échelle locale s'impose de plus en plus comme une des formes sociales issues du changement social. Ce changement se caractériserait par un recentrage des rapports sociaux autour du territoire, par un consensus de tous les acteurs sociaux autour du partenariat local. Du moins est-ce une hypothèse que les auteurs développent à partir d'une approche centrée sur la régulation. La recension d'une centaine d'écrits sur le partenariat permet aux auteurs de tirer quelques exemples de partenariat dans les sociétés postindustrielles, de définir le rôle des acteurs sociaux, de faire une typologie des formes de partenariat à l'échelle locale et enfin d'énoncer les conditions pour un partenariat équitable. Enfin, les auteurs font état des défis que pose cette gestion « partenariale » du social pour les décideurs et pour les politiques de développement local.In the context of international economic and social territoriality restructuring, partnership takes on an important meaning. After consultation and consensus, the local partnership occurs as a form of social change. This change is characterized by a focusing on territory and agreement of social actors about partnership. This hypothesis is developed by the authors with the regulation approach. This paper is based on a literature review on partnership. It allows to get some cases of social partnership in post-industrial societies, in order to define the place of social actors, draw up the patterns of partnership and to express the conditions about equity in partnership. Finally, the paper get some challenges about the partnership in local development politics
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