Today, in a product-service offering, the product and its related services can represent two main sources of revenue streams for the manufacturer. Tomorrow, information deriving from servitization and exploited on an ecosystem level, could represent the third one, whereas due to their ample potential in sharp market value increase, they could even become the manufacturer's main revenue stream. This article of explorative nature questions the possibility to introduce such disruptive approach. In order to do so, servitization is evinced through a new perspective, through information. In order to exploit this new potential, the concept of an information ecosystem is introduced. Secondly, a new role is proposed, helping manufacturers to span the boundary between product and service. To depict the impact of the introduced concepts while positioning it in relevant literature, a third layer of added value was added to Thoben's representation of servitization levels [1], the information layer.
Servitization, the offering of product-services, is a more and more pervasive concept. When applied correctly, it exploits the product and generates additional added value for the manufacturer as for the customer. Until now, servitization has been applied only onto the usage phase of the product, creating services around it. However the product is not the only valuable and tradable asset in a manufacturing enterprise. Therefore this article scrutinizes the possibility to additionally exploit the manufacturer's value chain, by servitizing its components and hence transforming them into products per se. To test this possibility Thoben's seminal representation of servitization was taken and applied onto the components of the value chain identified by Porter. It was elucidated that the proposed concept is feasible and under certain circumstances, it increases the seller's and buyer's sustainable competitive advantage. The article concludes by questioning the effect of this novel concept onto sustainability.
Servitization or productization, indicating evolution from product to service economy or vice-versa, can be considered as a successful strategy to gain competitiveness based on novel combination of products and services. To decrease the risks of servitization and to support the sustainable development of its main outcome, being Product Service System (PSS), it is required not only to have a clear and common understanding of the core business and processes but also to share the same definitions on (PSS) concepts as the main outcome of servitization. For this purpose, managers could be supported by abstract models with a limited number and high ratio of known concepts in the early stages of PSS development. Through an extensive literature review on this subject, followed by a structured conceptualization approach and discussions with domain experts, this paper proposes a Conceptual Model (PSS-CM). To validate the results, PSS-CM and its elements were discussed in several iterations, from both academic and industrial points of view, in the frame of a European research project. In the frame of this project, a case study was also performed to illustrate the instantiation of PSS-CM.
Part 2: Case StudiesInternational audienceManufacturing system based on mini factory is one of the modern pervasive production models spreading as a response to demand for customized products with low cost and fast delivery time. However, as the term is far from being uniform and unique, its application in research and industry by managers is still challenging and represents somehow a riddle. Consequently, the various meanings associated with the term mini factory in literature are critically assayed. The results depicted three main areas of the model of mini factory: "Work organisation model", "Agile Assembly Architecture" and "Distributed mini factories network". Steming out from the third model, the possibility of using the mini factory model presented by Reichwald, Stotko & Piller was explored. Indeed, due to its characteristics, this model seems to be able to respond more effectively to the challenges in the European furniture sector, in particular for SMEs
When manufacturers join forces to create, manage, and offer new Product-Services in globalized markets, a huge amount of inter-organizational data on tangible and intangible assets is generated in corporate knowledge bases. This data implies new economic opportunities as well as barriers. The presented approach depicts how e-business companies can benefit from virtualized assets -namely Assets as a Servicefor Business Intelligence (BI) in Manufacturing Service Ecosystems (MSE). Thanks to Assets as a Service, more valuable, reliable, and structured data are available within the MSE, ready to be further evaluated, elaborated, or visualized. In this context, BI techniques can be used to automatically deduce implicit dependencies among assets. The purpose of this paper is to advance the understanding and adoption of BI practices in MSE by applying formal semantics also to collaboratively gather, monitor, and analyze shared data about production assets. Consequently, the findings of this work empower MSE members to take better decisions while managing Product-Service innovations in e-business scenarios, hence to create more value. Results are outlined through the example of an industrial scenario. Asset
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