B-lés pédîcul'^es."' a. complètes. b. iacoruplètes. TROISIÈME SUBSECTION. Les coquilles hi'valv e , PREMIÈRE DIVISION. Coquilles bivalves à liaison interne. SECONDE DIVISION. Coquilles bivalves à liaison externe ou marginale. PREMIÈRE SUBDIVISION, à liaison ligamenteuse. A. à fossettes cardinales ovales oblongues. B. à fossettes cardinales lin«?aires. C. à fossettes cardinales coniques ou parallélépipèdes, plus ou moins profondes. D. les bords cardinaux larges avec des fossettes nombreuses. SECONDE SUBDIVISION. Coquilles bivalves à fausses dents. A. les apophyses plus ou moins linéaires, divergentes. B. les apophyses excavées , dégagées, plus ou moins perpendiculaires. C. les apophyses horizontales. D. des callus linéaires transversaux ou obliques de chaque côté d'une fossette iniermddiaire. ypt*
Objectives: The aims of this study were to examine the associations between perceived social support and oral health behaviors among adolescents and if this perception had a protective effect against the influence of perceived racial discrimination on oral health behaviors in this population.Material and methods: Participants of this cross-sectional study were adolescents aged 12-18 years recruited from University dental clinic. They completed a questionnaire comprising three sections: demographics (14 items), oral health behaviors (6 items), and validated Personal Resource Questionnaire (25 items). Perceived discrimination was evaluated by a question asking if the adolescent had ever experienced discrimination based on their race.Results: Of 252 participants, mean (SD) age of 14 (1.8) years, 60% were girls, 56% were self-identified as White, and 81% were born in Canada. Discrimination was reported by 21%. Frequency of toothbrushing and self-rated oral health were significantly associated with increased levels of perceived social support. Sugar consumption was significantly different for participants with and without perceived racial discrimination (p-value = 0.002). Perceived social support did not act as a buffer against perceived racial discrimination for sugar consumption (OR = 1.00; 95% CI: 0.98-1.01).Conclusions: Adolescents' perceived social support affected some aspects of their oral health but did not moderate the influence of perceived racial discrimination.adolescent, dentistry, oral health, social support
| INTRODUCTIONOral health contributes greatly to adolescents' overall health (U.S. Health and Human Services, 2000). Despite the importance of oral health, dental care is the most unmet health care need of children and adolescents (Newacheck et al., 2000). Centers for Disease Control and Prevention outlined that dental caries is among the most common chronic diseases in children worldwide (Hygiene-related diseases, n.d.). Adolescents can manage dental caries by following certain guidelines: ensuring adequate fluoride intake, daily brushing and flossing of teeth, lowering intake of cariogenic carbohydrates, having periodic dental examinations, and having sealants and restorative work completed when needed (American Academy of Pediatric Dentistry, n.d.). Despite these recommendations, adolescence is still
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