Endoscopic treatment by placement of a vacuum sponge drainage system is a new option in the management of leakages in the digestive tract. We now distinguish between two treatment variants: the intracavitary and intraluminal techniques. A drainage system comprising an appropriately trimmed polyurethane foam sponge and a gastric-type tube is either placed through the esophageal defect into an extraluminal wound cavity (intracavitary method), or directly onto the defect with the sponge remaining within the esophageal lumen (intraluminal method). Continuous negative pressure of 125 mmHg is then applied, resulting in stabilizing of the sponge and continuous drainage and sealing of the defect. We report a case series of 14 patients, presenting the full range of possible esophageal defects that were successfully treated with either intracavitary or intraluminal vacuum therapy. Complete healing of the esophageal defect was achieved in 13 patients; one patient died due to fulminant pseudomembranous colitis while the esophageal defect was nearly healed.
Endoscopic vacuum therapy is applicable for a wide range of esophageal defects. In the authors' experience, it has seemed to be the best choice for iatrogenic perforations and has been a potent supplement in the management of anastomotic leakages.
Endoscopic negative-pressure therapy (ENPT) is becoming a valuable tool in surgical complication management of transmural intestinal defects and wounds in the upper and lower gastrointestinal tract. Innovative materials for drains have been developed, endoscopic techniques adapted, and new indications for ENPT have been found. Based on our broad clinical experience, numerous tips and tricks are described, which contribute to the safety of dealing with the new therapy. The aim of this work is to present these methods. The focus is on describing the treatment in the esophagus.
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