in primitive medical practices of Indonesia and the West Indies as a treatment for tumors, has been investigated employing the seeds from a South American variety and the murine P388 lymphocytic leukemia (PS) for bioassay. The principal antineoplastic constituent (PS, 28% life extension, at 0.25 mg/kg and EDso4.5 X kg/mL) was found to be a new bis-tetrahydrofuran designated rolliniastatin 1. Structural elucidation of rolliniastatin 1 was accomplished by a combination of high resolution nuclear magnetic resonance (300 MHz), mass spectral, and X-ray crystal structure techniques. 1433 (1987).Utilisant les graines d'une variCtC sud-amiricaine de la plante et la murine P388 de IeucCmie lymphocitaire (PS) pour des bioessais, on a CtudiC les propriCtCs de la Rollinin tnucosa (Annonaceae), qui est connue dans les pratiques mCdicales primitives de l'lndonksie et des Antilles pour le traitement des tumeurs. On a trouvC que le principal constituant actif (PS, augmentation de vie de 28%, i 0,25 mg/kg et EDs0 de 4,s X lop5 kg/mL) est un nouveau bis-tktrahydrofuranne que I'on a appelC rolliniastatine 1. On a dCtermink la structure de la rolliniastatine 1 en combinant les techniques de la rCsonance magnkt~que nucICaire i haute rCsolution (300 MHz), du spectre de masse et de la diffraction des rayons-)< par des cristaux uniques.[Traduit par la revue]The Annonaceae (ca. 2,100 species) is composed of shrubs and trees found mainly in tropical regions. The genus Rollinia generally occurs in Central and South America, and R. mucosa (Jacq.) Vaill, also known as Annona mucosa (Jacq.), has been used for the primitive medical treatment of tumors in the West Indies and in Indonesia (2). To assess the potential of this plant in respect to potentially useful antineoplastic components, seeds of Rollirzia mucosa were collected in French Guiana in 1979. The lipophilic extract of these seeds showed activity in the P388 lymphocytic leukemia system, and fractionation of this extract was guided by bioassay using the murine P388 system in vitro.Extraction of Rollinla mucosa seed (600g) with hexane afforded 136 g of oily extract from which rolliniastatin 1 was isolated by a series of chromatographic steps. Steric exclusion chromatography was followed by gradient elution chromatography on silica gel with hexane -ethyl acetate.

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Alternative fuel policies need accurate and transparent methods to find the embedded carbon intensity of individual refinery products. This study investigates different ways of allocating greenhouse gases emissions deriving from refining and upstream crude oil supply. Allocation methods based on mass, energy content, economic value and, innovatively, added-value, are compared with the marginal refining emissions calculated by CONCAWE's linear-programming model to the average EU refinery, which has been adopted as reference in EU legislation. Beside the most important transportation fuels (gasoline, diesel, kerosene/jet fuel and heavy fuel oil), the analysis extends to petroleum coke and refinery hydrogen. Moreover, novel criteria, based on the implications due to hydrogen usage by each fuel pathway, have been introduced to test the consistency of the analyzed approaches. It is found that only two economic-based allocation methods are consistent with the introduced criteria. These two methods also give negative refinery emissions for heavy products, which is coherent with the marginal emissions calculated through the CONCAWE refinery model. The recommended allocation methods are transparent and use only publicly available statistical data, so they may be useful not only for future EU legislation, but also in jurisdictions where a representative refinery model is not available

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