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This contribution is dedicated to demonstrating the high potential and manifold applications of state-of-the-art computational fluid dynamics (CFD) tools for free-surface flows in civil and environmental engineering.All simulations were performed with the academic research code ELBE (efficient lattice boltzmann environment, http://www.tuhh.de/elbe). The ELBE code follows the supercomputing-on-the-desktop paradigm and is especially designed for local supercomputing, without tedious accesses to supercomputers. ELBE uses graphics processing units (GPU) to accelerate the computations and can be used in a single GPU-equipped workstation of, e.g., a design engineer. The code has been successfully validated in very different fields, mostly related to naval architecture and mechanical engineering. In this contribution, we give an overview of past and present applications with practical relevance for civil engineers. The presented applications are grouped into three major categories: (i) tsunami simulations, considering wave propagation, wave runup, inundation and debris flows; (ii) dam break simulations; and (iii) numerical wave tanks for the calculation of hydrodynamic loads on fixed and moving bodies. This broad range of applications in combination with accurate numerical results and very competitive times to solution demonstrates that modern CFD tools in general, and the ELBE code in particular, can be a helpful design tool for civil and environmental engineers.

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The lattice Boltzmann method (LBM) sees a growing popularity in the field of atmospheric sciences and wind energy, largely due to its excellent computational performance. Still, LBM large-eddy simulation (LES) studies of canonical atmospheric boundary layer flows remain limited. One reason for this is the early stage of development of LBM-specific wall models. In this work, we discuss LBM–LES of isothermal pressure-driven rough-wall boundary layers using a cumulant collision model. To that end, we also present a novel wall modeling approach, referred to as inverse momentum exchange method (iMEM). The iMEM enforces a wall shear stress at the off-wall grid points by adjusting the slip velocity in bounce-back boundary schemes. In contrast to other methods, the approach does not rely on the eddy viscosity, nor does it require the reconstruction of distribution functions. Initially, we investigate different aspects of the modeling of the wall shear stress, i.e., an averaging of the input velocity as well as the wall-normal distance of its sampling location. Particularly, sampling locations above the first off-wall node are found to be an effective measure to reduce the occurring log-layer mismatch. Furthermore, we analyze the turbulence statistics at different grid resolutions. The results are compared to phenomenological scaling laws, experimental, and numerical references. The analysis demonstrates a satisfactory performance of the numerical model, specifically when compared to a well-established mixed pseudo-spectral finite difference (PSFD) solver. Generally, the study underlines the suitability of the LBM and particularly the cumulant LBM for computationally efficient LES of wall-modeled boundary layer flows.

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