“…For completeness, let us finally mention that, over the past 20 years and in parallel with the increasing power of computer systems, wave models have been developed based on the direct solution of Navier-Stokes equations by finite difference/volume or particle-based methods, and using a volume of fluid (VOF) or similar approach to track (or follow) the free surface position, e.g., [1,3,4,15,60,61]. Although more computationally demanding than BM or FNPF models, such models have increasingly been used for studying physical properties of surfzone waves, wave interaction with coastal structures, and in particular detailed flow properties within and under breaking waves, including two-phase air-water flows, e.g., [10,17,18,54,58,59,[72][73][74].…”