Objective: In this study, we investigate our institutional experience of patients who underwent endoscopic endonasal transsphenoidal approach for treatment of large and giant pituitary adenomas emphasizing the surgical results and approach-related complications. Method: The authors reviewed 28 consecutive patients who underwent surgery between March, 2010 and March, 2014. Results: The mean preoperative tumor diameter was 4.6 cm. Gross-total resection was achieved in 14.3%, near-total in 10.7%, subtotal in 39.3%, and partial in 35.7%. Nine patients experienced improvement in visual acuity, while one patient worsened. The most common complications were transient diabetes insipidus (53%), new pituitary deficit (35.7%), endonasal adhesions (21.4%), and cerebrospinal fluid leak (17.8%). Surgical mortality was 7.1%. Conclusions: Endoscopic endonasal transsphenoidal surgery is a valuable treatment option for large or giant pituitary adenomas, which results in high rates of surgical decompression of cerebrovascular structures.Keywords: endoscopic endonasal approach; giant pituitary adenomas; large pituitary adenomas; complication rates. RESUMOObjetivo: Neste manuscrito investigamos a experiência institucional com o acesso endonasal endoscópico transesfenoidal no tratamento de adenomas hipofisários grandes e gigantes com ênfase às complicações relacionadas ao acesso cirúrgico. Método: Foram incluídos neste estudo 28 pacientes consecutivos submetidos à cirurgia entre Março de 2010 e Março de 2014. Resultados: O diâmetro médio pré-operatório dos tumores era 4,6 cm. Uma ressecção total foi obtida em 14,3%; quase total, em 10,7%; subtotal, em 39,3% e parcial, em 35,7%. Nove pacientes evoluíram com melhora na acuidade visual, enquanto um paciente apresentou piora da função visual. As complicações mais comuns foram diabetes insipidus transitório (53%), novo défice hipofisário (35,7%), sinéquias endonasais (21,4%) e fistula liquórica (17,8%). A mortalidade cirúrgica foi 7,1%. Conclusões: A cirurgia por via endonasal endoscópica transesfenoidal é uma opção terapêutica extremamente útil para adenomas hipofisários grandes e gigantes, a resultar numa significativa descompressão das estruturas cerebrovasculares.Palavras-chave: acesso endoscópico endonasal; adenoma hipofisário gigante; adenoma hipofisário grande; índices de complicação.
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