The creation of believable behaviors for Non-Player Characters (NPCs) is key to improve the players’ experience while playing a game. To achieve this objective, we need to design NPCs that appear to be controlled by a human player. In this paper, we propose a hierarchical reinforcement learning framework for believable bots (HRLB⌃2). This novel approach has been designed so it can overcome two main challenges currently faced in the creation of human-like NPCs. The first difficulty is exploring domains with high-dimensional state–action spaces, while satisfying constraints imposed by traits that characterize human-like behavior. The second problem is generating behavior diversity, by also adapting to the opponent’s playing style. We evaluated the effectiveness of our framework in the domain of the 2D fighting game named Street Fighter IV. The results of our tests demonstrate that our bot behaves in a human-like manner.
Interactive reinforcement learning (RL) has been successfully used in various applications in different fields, which has also motivated HCI researchers to contribute in this area. In this paper, we survey interactive RL to empower human-computer interaction (HCI) researchers with the technical background in RL needed to design new interaction techniques and propose new applications. We elucidate the roles played by HCI researchers in interactive RL, identifying ideas and promising research directions. Furthermore, we propose generic design principles that will provide researchers with a guide to effectively implement interactive RL applications.
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