A study which aims to investigate the vertical distribution pattern of nymphalids had been conducted in a peatswamp forest of Kota Samarahan, Sarawak. This 60-day sampling period which utilised baited traps as the mainsampling method, had resulted to 104 individuals from both ground and canopy levels. The lower stratumrevealed a higher diversity index (H’= 1.17466) in comparison with the canopy stratum. Nymphalinae representsthe most diverse subfamily at both levels, dominating almost half of the total individuals respectively. In general,species richness and abundance decrease with the increasing strata height, and was observed in all subfamilies.Analyses on the relationship between forewing length and strata revealed significant result for both male andfemale of Satyrinae, while for body design, it was only significant for male Nymphalinae and female Satyrinae.Overall, the study on strata preference of the nymphalids had led to a better understanding on their dependenceon microclimatic conditions, as well as the status of their habitat.
In order to accomplish the learning objectives of ecology, biodiversity and environment course, in situ activities remain the finest key to complement by conducting real fieldwork experiments. The specific objectives of the fieldwork are to ensure sustainable learning, adopting best practice in scientific documentation, and implementing holistic and integrated learning approach in the course. Therefore, related field topic was given to the students and resulted with the following attributes. Four different species of pitcher plants were identified and classified throughout the study. The recent biology educational trip to Bako National Park had documented various well-known species of Nepenthes. Information on Nepenthes species present in the parks is useful for educational and research purposes, developing a conservation plan and management and also helps in promoting ecotourism. The trip was conducted to introduce a comprehensive learning experience to the students in biodiversity-related discipline.
The state of Sarawak is blessed with vast wilderness and thriving wildlife (Abu Bakar et al., 2016). The state has a flourishing biodiversity, ecology, and environment, packed with amazing national parks, which are world-renowned. The parks are home to lush tropical rainforests and peculiar wildlife, all of which can be found in natural parks such as Kubah, Bako, and Santubong National Park. This documentation was briefly notes biodiversity, ecology, and environment-related information in the exceptionally rich ecosystems of flora and fauna of these national parks.The documentation was aimed at observing and documenting the ecosystem in Kubah, Bako and Santubong National Parks to assess future needs for ecosystem and education for a sustainable future. The documentation is also targeted at creating awareness on ecosystem and education, inspiring sustainable development goals, studying the selected flora and fauna of the area, and boosting the academic, research, and development value. Multiple perspectives for biodiversity, ecology, and environment of the parks such as scientific, historical, geography, values, cultural, and sustainability (Tan et al., 2009) are significant in the forming of a valuable framework for sustainable development. The outcome of the observation comprised a basic discovery of the mangrove ecosystem, pitcher plant, plant-animal interaction, and invertebrates in the parks. These have enabled the short and basic research documentation from the park’s ecosystem as well as presentation where valuable findings were shared.
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