Abstract. The encounter between religion and culture receives resistance as it is considered as the syncreticsm. Acculturation approach, however, offers alternative contribution to the tension of leadership with its cultural features. Paul transformational leadership and Minahasa leadership philosophy are two discussion materials that potentially could donate insight with acculturative construction. The research question that lead this work was how is Pauline transformational leadership and Minahasan leadership philosophy acculturative construction? This research attempted to see possibities that could be an alternative contribution to cultural and Christian leadership discussion. This research involved to leadership tension with qualitative and ethnography approach. Sources such as book, article, and academic essay were combined with field interview. In sum, collaboration between Paul transformational leadership and Minahasa leadership philosophy offers a new modification and construction perspective, a continuity leadership and dichotomous with solid cultural identity.Abstrak. Perjumpaan antara agama dan budaya menerima resistensi karena dianggap sebagai realisasi sinkretisme. Namun pendekatan akulturasi menawarkan alternatif yang kontributif bagi gejolak krisis kepemimpinan bercorak budaya. Konsep kepemimpinan transformasional Paulus dan falsafah kepemimpinan di Minahasa merupakan dua objek diskusi yang berpotensi menyumbangkan pemikiran baru jika dikonstruksikan secara akulturatif. Rumusan masalah yang menuntun penelitian ini adalah, bagaimana konstruksi akulturatif kepemimpinan transformasional Paulus dan falsafah kepemimpinan Minahasa? Penelitian ini mencoba untuk melihat kemungkinan yang dapat menjadi kontribusi alternatif bagi diskusi kepemimpinan kultural dan Kristen. Penelitian ini mendekati problematika kepemimpinan dengan metode kualitatif dan etnografi. Sumber pustaka seperti buku, artikel dan naskah akademik lainnya dikombinasikan dengan hasil wawancara di lapangan. Sebagai hasilnya, kolaborasi konsep kepemimpinan transformasional Paulus dan falsafah kepemimpinan Minahasa menawarkan sebuah modifikasi dan konstruksi baru, kepemimpinan yang kontinuitas dan terdikotonomikan dengan identitas budaya yang kuat.
This essay attempts to portray the Spirit's personality to Minahasan Christian with its ancestral spirits tradition. Minahasan culture contains rich beliefs and rituals relate to ancestral spirits activities. This work prepares Minahasan Christian's practice such as kampetan, foso, mu'kur, and mumper together with the Spirit's personality throughout the Scripture. In the next stage, the Spirit's personality seeks an opportunity to engage with Minahasan Christian. However, intelligence, wisdom, and skill of the Spirit share possibility and constructive contribution toward ancestral spirit beliefs of Minahasan Christian. On the flip side, Minahasan culture openly receives works, characters, features, and impacts rather than a real figure and appearance of the Spirit. In conclusion, the Spirit's personality is not in conflict with the indigenous tradition. In contrast, it offers a new perspective and acts as a companion or partner of ancestral spirits tradition.
Agama Kristen menampilkan kearogansian dan superioritas terhadap kebudayaan penyembahan roh nenek moyang di tanah Batak. Hal ini menyebabkan pertarungan dan pergulatan antara agama dan budaya, selain itu ruang publik menjadi tempat untuk saling melakukan penetrasi. Pendekatan pendidikan Agama Kristen menawarkan pendekatan yang lebih ramah sehingga agama Kristen bisa lebih menunjukan sikap kolaboratif dan reseptif karena mengedepankan karakter, moralitas, kebangsaan dan multikulturalisme. Sebagai akibatnya, pendidikan agama Kristen bersikap antroposentris, memusatkan perhatian pada nilai-nilai luhur manusia dan tidak mempersalahkan kebudayaan dengan ketentuan dokmatika agama.
The debate between the culture and religion in Minahasa invites attention. The culture considers the existence of religion as a threat and potentially could destroy indigenous cultural identity. On the flip side, the religion regards cultural activities as an ancient legacy that bears no significance to theological worldview and modern civilization. Adventism, a Protestant denomination that shares extra attention to food doctrine, performs inhospitality toward Minahasan culinary identity. Engagement to consuming animal’s flesh, and even extreme food such as pork, rat, bat, dog, cat, spices ingredients, cap tikus, and related festivals that involves potluck, however, against Adventist teaching. Therefore, this essay conducts exploration to grasp how Adventism teaching could perform hospitality toward Minahasan culinary identity. This research occupies a qualitative approach and equips journals, books, and other references to contribute to the tension. In conclusion, Adventism should define the culture as a social bonding and expression of Minahasa. Minahasan culinary identity is not a theological or religious concern; instead, it should be defined as a sociology reflection. By doing so, Adventism will able to perform hospitality toward the culture.
The existence of the Spirit has received a long discussion in systematic theology, especially speaking, her existence in the Old Testament where the Spirit leaves less evidence of her personality. As the consequence, the personality of the Spirit has been shaken to discover its knowledge. This essay intends to grasp the personality of the Spirit in the Old Testament which relates to her divinity and works. This article is qualitative descriptive, articles, books, and other related academic references are the main sources to construct the argumentation. Furthermore, tracing the emotions of the Spirit in the Old Testament is the main attention of this research and expected could offer a new perspective on how the Spirit, as a being, rather than a power, shares emotions; grieving, love, and shyness in the Old Testament. Eksistensi Roh menerima perdebatan panjang di sistematik teologi, secara khusus, keberadaannya di Perjanjian Lama yang meninggalkan bukti yang kurang sehubungan dengan personalitasnya. Sebagai akibatnya, personalitas Roh diguncang untuk menemukan informasi-informasinya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menemukan personalitas Roh di Perjanjian Lama yang berhubungan dengan pekerjaan dan keilahianNya. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif-deskriptif, buku-buku, artikel-artikel dan rujukan akademik lainnya sebagai sumber utama dalam membangun argumentasi. Selanjutnya, menjejaki emosi Roh di Perjanjian Lama merupakan tujuan utama penelitian ini dan diharapkan dapat menawarkan persepektif baru tentang bagaimana Roh, sebagai pribadi, bukan sekedar tenaga, menunjukan emosi, dukacita, kasih dan sifat pemalu di Perjanjian Lama.
The integration or inculturation of religion and culture has been massively and controversially discussed despite being successfully presented by Islam Nusantara. Therefore, this study attempts to delve into the possibilities of integrating Christianity into the culture of Indonesia by seeking the Islam Nusantara experience. The study employed a qualitative method, using literature, articles, books and related references, and attempted to reconstruct the Islamic dimension concerning inculturation. Subsequently, the opportunity for Christianity will be displayed and formulated to establish a hospitable religion. This will offer a chance to improve and develop its identity regarding integration into the local culture by respecting without destroying, contextualising without syncretising and negotiating without compromising.Contribution: This article contributes to the ongoing debates on culture and Christianity in Indonesia. Islam Nusantara offers an opportunity and example of how religion and culture should collaborate. The expectation is that the collaboration will display a solid formation to other contexts in Asia or Africa that could arrange a fruitful conversation between culture and Christianity.
Pneumatology shares rich discussion to theology and its brances knowledge. Indeed, intercultural discussion to the account receives attention but has no solid ground, where I borrow Moltmann’ term, pneumatology as cinderalla theology that frequently left behind. Question on why intercultural discussion to pneumatology is one the forgotten question that need more clarification. Futher, its relation to Indonesian context provokes curiosity to the tension. By using qualitative-analysis method, this research attempts to gain knowledge concerning why pneumatological-intercultural discussion. In sum, personal, church, and theological experience encourage pneumatology to open access for intercultural discussion, specifically speaking, in relation to Indonesian context.
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