No abstract

Background Many intervention development projects fail to bridge the gap from basic research to clinical practice. Instead of theory-based approaches to intervention development, co-design prioritizes the end users’ perspective as well as continuous collaboration between stakeholders, designers, and researchers throughout the project. This alternative approach to the development of interventions is expected to promote the adaptation to existing treatment activities and to be responsive to the requirements of end users. Objective The first objective was to provide an overview of all activities that were employed during the course of a research project to develop a relapse prevention intervention for interdisciplinary pain treatment programs. The second objective was to examine how co-design may contribute to stakeholder involvement, generation of relevant insights and ideas, and incorporation of stakeholder input into the intervention design. Methods We performed an embedded single case study and used the double diamond model to describe the process of intervention development. Using all available data sources, we also performed deductive content analysis to reflect on this process. Results By critically reviewing the value and function of a co-design project with respect to idea generation, stakeholder involvement, and incorporation of stakeholder input into the intervention design, we demonstrated how co-design shaped the transition from ideas, via concepts, to a prototype for a relapse prevention intervention. Conclusions Structural use of co-design throughout the project resulted in many different participating stakeholders and stimulating design activities. As a consequence, the majority of the components of the final prototype can be traced back to the information that stakeholders provided during the project. Although this illustrates how co-design facilitates the integration of contextual information into the intervention design, further experimental testing is required to evaluate to what extent this approach ultimately leads to improved usability as well as patient outcomes in the context of clinical practice.

Introduction: There is a lack of effective interventions available for Pediatric Physical Therapists (PPTs) to promote a physically active lifestyle in children with physical disabilities. Participatory design methods (co-design) may be helpful in generating insights and developing intervention prototypes for facilitating a physically active lifestyle in children with physical disabilities (6–12 years).Materials and methods: A multidisciplinary development team of designers, developers, and researchers engaged in a co-design process–together with parents, PPTs, and other relevant stakeholders (such as the Dutch Association of PPTs and care sports connectors). In this design process, the team developed prototypes for interventions during three co-creation sessions, four one-week design sprint, living-lab testing and two triangulation sessions. All available co-design data was structured and analyzed by three researchers independently resulting in themes for facilitating physical activity.Results: The data rendered two specific outcomes, (1) knowledge cards containing the insights collected during the co-design process, and (2) eleven intervention prototypes. Based on the generated insights, the following factors seem important when facilitating a physically active lifestyle: a) stimulating self-efficacy; b) stimulating autonomy; c) focusing on possibilities; d) focusing on the needs of the individual child; e) collaborating with stakeholders; f) connecting with a child's environment; and g) meaningful goal setting.Conclusion: This study shows how a co-design process can be successfully applied to generate insights and develop interventions in pediatric rehabilitation. The designed prototypes facilitate the incorporation of behavioral change techniques into pediatric rehabilitation and offer new opportunities to facilitate a physically active lifestyle in children with physical disabilities by PPTs. While promising, further studies should examine the feasibility and effectivity of these prototypes.

BACKGROUND Many intervention development projects fail to bridge the gap from basic research to clinical practice. Instead of theory-based approaches to intervention development, co-design prioritizes the end-users perspective as well as continuous collaboration between stakeholders, designers and researchers throughout the project. This alternative approach to the development of interventions is expected to promote the adaptation to existing treatment activities and to be responsive to the requirements of end-users. OBJECTIVE The first objective is to provide an overview of all activities that were employed during the course of a research project to develop a relapse prevention intervention for interdisciplinary pain treatment programs. The second objective is to examine how co-design may contribute to stakeholder involvement, generation of relevant insights and ideas, and incorporation of stakeholder input into the intervention design. METHODS We performed an embedded single case study and used the double diamond model to describe the process of intervention development. Using all available data sources, we also performed a deductive content analysis to reflect on this process. RESULTS By critically reviewing the value and function of a co-design project with respect to idea generation, stakeholder involvement and incorporation of stakeholder input into the intervention design, we demonstrated how co-design shaped the transition from ideas, via concepts to a prototype for a relapse prevention intervention. CONCLUSIONS Structural use of co-design throughout the project resulted in many different participating stakeholders and stimulating design activities. As a consequence, the majority of the components of the final prototype can be traced back to the information that stakeholders provided during the project. Although this illustrates how co-design facilitates the integration of contextual information into the intervention design, further experimental testing is required to evaluate to what extent this approach ultimately leads to improved usability as well as patient outcomes in the context of clinical practice.

BACKGROUND There is a lack of effective interventions to maintain gains made in gait performance after Task Oriented Circuit training for stroke survivors. Participatory design methods, such as co-design, might be helpful in developing interventions and tools for facilitating physio-and exercise therapists in supporting an active lifestyle, defined as walking behavior, in stroke survivors. OBJECTIVE To develop an intervention that supports an active lifestyle in stroke survivors METHODS A multidisciplinary team consisting of staff members of the Royal Dutch Society for Physical Therapy, kinetic – and physiotherapists, specialized in neuro rehabilitation and conducting Task Oriented Circuit Class training in primary care settings or day therapy centers within residential care facilities, stroke survivors and their carers, experts on measuring movement behavior in stroke survivors, a company specialised in manufacturing sensors and related software, behavioural change specialists, and co-designers collaborated together in a co-design process using the 4 phases (discover, define, develop and deliver) of the design process. RESULTS In the design process, the team iteratively developed a prototype accelerometer system for measuring walking behavior with a feedback function for stroke survivors and their therapists and a prototype toolbox for therapists to support facilitating behavioral change in their stroke survivors. CONCLUSIONS this study shows how co-design can be applied to develop interventions for stroke survivors. The prototype system for measuring walking behavior and the toolbox both incorporate behavioral change techniques to support a more physically active lifestyle in stroke survivors. Further research should investigate the feasibility of the intervention. CLINICALTRIAL Not applicable