Copies of full text items generally can be reproduced, displayed or performed and given to third parties in any format or medium for personal research or study, educational, or not-for-profit purposes without prior permission or charge, provided that the authors, title and full bibliographic details are credited, a hyperlink and/or URL is given for the original metadata page and the content is not changed in any way. Without an account of technology politics it is hard to explain continuing policy support despite rising costs. By analysing the actor networks and narratives underpinning policy support for offshore wind, we explain how a fairly effective protective space was constructed through the enrolling of key political and economic interests. From%laggard%to%leader
Copies of full text items generally can be reproduced, displayed or performed and given to third parties in any format or medium for personal research or study, educational, or not-for-profit purposes without prior permission or charge, provided that the authors, title and full bibliographic details are credited, a hyperlink and/or URL is given for the original metadata page and the content is not changed in any way. Without an account of technology politics it is hard to explain continuing policy support despite rising costs. By analysing the actor networks and narratives underpinning policy support for offshore wind, we explain how a fairly effective protective space was constructed through the enrolling of key political and economic interests. From%laggard%to%leader
It was the driving force behind the Kyoto Protocol: this is the only existing international climate change treaty to include legally binding targets for reductions in emissions of carbon dioxide and requires developed countries to cut carbon dioxide emissions by an average of 5 per cent by 2012. It is, however, unlikely that EU member states will achieve these targets (Anderson and Bows, 2008). Despite this failure, the EU has already unilaterally committed itself to further reductions in emissions of carbon dioxide, with targets of 20% cuts by 2020, and 60% by 2050, in order to avoid warming the earth by more than two degrees centigrade over the preindustrial average (Europa, 2009). However, a new discourse is emerging which claims that two degrees is in excess of anything that might be considered safe, and that we are already living with dangerous climate change (Anderson and
Copies of full text items generally can be reproduced, displayed or performed and given to third parties in any format or medium for personal research or study, educational, or not-for-profit purposes without prior permission or charge, provided that the authors, title and full bibliographic details are credited, a hyperlink and/or URL is given for the original metadata page and the content is not changed in any way. Without an account of technology politics it is hard to explain continuing policy support despite rising costs. By analysing the actor networks and narratives underpinning policy support for offshore wind, we explain how a fairly effective protective space was constructed through the enrolling of key political and economic interests. From%laggard%to%leader
Our work has attracted landscape analysis as a tool for the strategic environmental assessment of the Ain Dalia water body in northeastern Algeria. The use of the combined method which combines two approaches, one called "user" or visual, based on the assessment of the visual fields and the other called "expert", based on a quantitative method of the different sub-units that make up our site study. The results inherent in the two methods used clearly converged. It follows that the values of the quantized views are totally in line with the qualitative or visual method.
This paper describes a system used for the separation of oil and water in the far reaches of the wellbore where the separated produced water is re-injected into a zone accessible from the same wellbore. Successful application of this technology in low risk wells has been achieved and documented. Risk is defined here as a function of workover cost and deferred oil production: high risk therefore being a prolific well with high workover costs. Application of this separation technology in high risk wells can only occur when the issues of the technology, cost, and reliability have been defined. The more sophisticated completions that will be required for high risk wells will be more reliable. while the prolific nature of the wells gives a rapid return on the investment. This paper outlines the factors that make up the economic decision whether to install such a system and, using a low risk case history, demonstrates the favorable economics of installing a separator system in a given application. Using the low risk example. it is shown how the ideas can be extrapolated to a typical North sea well where. although higher risk. the potential reward is also far higher. P. 435
This paper explores a radically different way of facilitating energy and environmental initiatives in small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). In terms of energy policy, smaller firms in Europe are exempted from most of the major fiscal and regulatory mechanisms that are applied to larger organisations. Policies to reduce energy demand and associated carbon emissions in SMEs are largely based on providing incentives, such as face-to-face support and grants for energy efficiency in buildings. Energy advisors are therefore key intermediaries, providing advice and encouraging the uptake of low carbon technologies and practices by SMEs.Previous studies have found that advisors often find it difficult to engage effectively with SME owners and managers, and that traditional 'win-win' messaging can have limited impact, resulting in implementation problems such as under-investment in energy-saving technologies, reluctance to adopt new environmental practices, and a tendency to revert to previous ways of operating once the incentive is removed. Recent research also suggests that SME owners' and managers' personal values play an important mediating role in their response to environmental issues, acting in combination with more established factors such as educational background, access to resources and the views of customers and suppliers. The implication is that policy interventions in this area could be delivered in more cost-effective ways if accompanied by a more nuanced, values-based approach to engagement. This paper reports findings from 'Growing Greener' a UK multi-disciplinary project that aims to equip advisors and other types of intermediary with the skills, knowledge and understanding they need in order to incorporate a values-based approach into their existing interactions with SMEs. It opens with an overview of the policy context and a brief overview of the relevant research literature.The main section explains how the research team co-produced a values-based engagement toolkit in conjunction with a group of energy advisors and external specialists. The design process included a series of facilitated 'narrative workshops', where advisors shared their experiences and experimented with early versions of the engagement tools. This is followed by an outline of the completed engagement 'toolkit', which includes free-to-access online course, a communication guide and an interactive engagement tool. These three inter-related components are designed to help advisors to engage SMEs beyond a narrow, cost-benefit framework, and in turn help SME owners and managers to connect low carbon choices with the personal and business values that are important to them as individuals.Our findings indicate the potential for more effective, longer-lasting interventions beyond the low hanging fruit of building efficiency measures.
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