Abdominal aortic aneurysm is associated with infiltration of inflammatory cells into the aortic wall. The inflammatory response is also evident in animal models, such as apolipoprotein E-deficient (ApoE-/-) mice that have been infused with angiotensin II, prior to development of aortic aneurysm. Since omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFAs) and their metabolites have anti-inflammatory and pro-resolving activity, we hypothesised that dietary supplementation with n-3 PUFAs would protect against inflammatory processes in this mouse model. Twenty C57 and 20 ApoE-/- 3-4 week old male mice were supplemented with a low (0.14%, n = 10/group) or high (0.70%, n = 10/group) n-3 PUFA diet for 8 weeks before 2-day infusion with 0.9% saline or angiotensin II (1000 ng/kg/min). Four ApoE-/- mice on the low n-3 PUFA diet and none of the ApoE-/- mice on the high n-3 PUFA diet showed morphological evidence of abdominal aortic dissection. The plasma concentration of the n-3 PUFA metabolite, resolvin D1 was higher in angiotensin II-infused ApoE-/- mice fed the high, compared to the low n-3 PUFA diet. The number of neutrophils and macrophages infiltrating the abdominal aorta was elevated in ApoE-/- mice on the low n-3 PUFA diet, and this was significantly attenuated in mice that were fed the high n-3 PUFA diet. Most neutrophils and macrophages were associated with dissected aortas. Immunoreactivity of the catalytic subunit of nicotinamide-adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase, Nox2, and superoxide were elevated in ApoE-/- mice that were fed the low n-3 PUFA diet, and this was also significantly attenuated in mice that were fed the high n-3 PUFA diet. Together, the findings indicate that supplementation of ApoE-/- mice with a diet high in n-3 PUFA content protected the mice against pro-inflammatory and oxidative stress responses following short-term infusion with angiotensin II.
SUMMARY Leucine and alanine production rate was measured in 5 patients with acid maltase deficiency in the postabsorptive state, following 6 months on a normal diet with placebo and 6 months on an isocaloric high protein diet (16-22% protein). Whole body leucine production rate, a measure of protein degradation, expressed in terms of lean body mass was significantly greater than in five control subjects. Following the high protein diet, leucine production rate was decreased in four of the five patients but this was not statistically significant. Alanine production rate expressed in terms of lean body mass was significantly greater than in control subjects. After the high protein diet, alanine production rate and concentration were significantly decreased (p < 0O05). There were no significant improvements in any ofthe clinically relevant variables measured in these patients. It is possible that a larger increase in protein intake over a longer time period may have a clinical effect.Type II glycogenosis (acid alpha-1,4-glucosidase deficiency) presents either in infancy, or in juvenile or adult forms.' Infants are floppy and develop gross cardiomegaly and hepatomegaly before perishing in the first few years of life.2 Adults tend to present in their late 'teens or twenties with marked truncal and pelvic girdle weakness and impressive paraspinal muscle wasting. However, the key clinical feature is the presence of respiratory insufficiency which is chiefly caused by diaphragmatic weakness or paralysis.34 The diagnosis can be confirmed by finding absent or low levels of acid maltase in muscle,5 cultured skin fibroblasts6 and leucocytes.78The muscle wasting and weakness in the adult-onset disease has been attributed to the disruption of muscle fibres caused by accumulation of glycogen in the sarcoplasm.9 Measurement of protein turnover in a patient with this disorder has demonstrated an increase in whole body protein degradation which suggests that the myopathy may be due to increased muscle breakdown.'" Treatment of the patient with a
When newly hatched chicks are placed on a diet containing a reactive aluminum hydroxide gel, the fatal syndrome of progressive leg and wing weakness which they develop is accompanied by a reduction in the quantity of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) in the blood. The intramuscular injection of an emulsion of inorganic phosphate tends to prevent this change. It is suggested that these chicks fed alumina gel are deficient in inorganic phosphate and that their reduced ability to maintain blood ATP levels is indicative of reduced phosphorylating ability elsewhere in the body. Submitted on November 13, 1958
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
hi@scite.ai
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.