Materials and Methods Materials Food items: Bread, raw groundnut seed (Arachis hypogaea), healthy Detarium macrocarpum (ground ofor), oranges (Citrus sinensis), whole water melon (Citrullus lanatus), paw paw fruit (Carica papaya), corn (Zea mays) and common bean seeds (Phaseolus vulgaris). These food materials supported the growth of the fungi represented here.
Soybean is an important legume that has high quality protein and oil for food and feed. Despite the importance of this legume, the crop is affected by several post-harvest diseases caused by fungi. A study was carried out to identify the fungal species associated with the seeds of soybean using molecular techniques. The DNA of the isolate, was molecularly characterized using Internal Transcribed Spacer 1 (ITS-1) molecular marker. The isolate DNA sequence, was aligned using the Basic Local Alignment Search Tool for nucleotide (BLASTN) 2.8.0 version of the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) database. The results showed that the isolate sequence was 98% identical to Diaporthe spp. Voucher VP51, 98% identical to Diaporthe schini isolate L5N71 and 98% identical to Diaporthe schini strain B125. These findings showed that Diaporthe spp. is one of the causal fungal pathogens of post-harvest diseases of soybean seeds. It is anticipated that these results will provide information on culturing Diaporthe species also provide the basis for further study to show their antibiotic and anti-cancerous, enzymes and secondary metabolites producing ability. Keywords: Soybean, Diaporthe schini and RBCL marker
<p><span>This study aims to evaluate the role of edible fungi in the biodegradation of mushroom substrate by comparing the mineral and proximate composition of a pasteurized substrate before inoculation (BI) with the spent mushroom substrate (SMS) of </span><em><span>Pleurotus ostreatus</span></em><span> cultivated on cassava peels and sawdust. The experiment was conducted at the Federal University of Technology, Owerri, Imo State Nigeria. The treatment for this investigation comprised different levels of wheat bran namely: T1 (C/N 17:0 in the control), T2 (C/N ratio 17:1), and T3 (C/N ratio 17:3). 2% lime was added to the substrate to stabilize the pH. The experiment was laid out in a completely randomized design (CRD) which was replicated three times. The mineral and proximate compositions were determined using standard procedures. The data generated were subjected to analysis of variance (ANOVA) at (p = 0.05). The result obtained from this investigation reviewed that the mineral composition before substrate inoculation was significantly higher than those obtained from the SMS which were in the range: of Na (0.10-0.17 mg/kg), Mg (0.25-0.40 mg/kg), Ash (1.56-2.65%), Ca (0.62-1.40 mg/kg), K (0.25-0.42 mg/kg), and P (0.11-0.44 mg/kg) while the proximate composition is in the range: dry matter (81.6-93.3%), N (0.18-0.31%), crude protein (CP) (1.13-1.94%), crude fiber (2.84-4.82%). This result revealed that significant quantities of the nutrients unlocked by </span><em><span>Pleurotus ostreatus</span></em><span> were assimilated into the mushroom fruit bodies. Therefore, </span><em><span>Pleurotus ostreatus</span></em><span> could be used to enrich cassava peels and sawdust substrates which can further be utilized in the formulation of livestock feeds. However, further studies are recommended especially in evaluating more nutritional indices of the substrate.</span></p>
Abstract. Ikechi-Nwogu CG, Odogwu BA, Edumasam MA. 2023. Molecular characterization of filamentous fungi associated with spoilage of sweet oranges sold in Choba Market, Port Harcourt, Nigeria. Asian J Agric 7: 52-56. Post-harvest spoilage of sweet oranges is one of the major causes of post-harvest losses. This study was conducted to identify the fungi associated with post-harvest spoilage of sweet oranges using molecular techniques in Choba Markets, Rivers State, Nigeria. The DNA of the fungal isolate SO-1 and SO-2 were characterized using Internal Transcribed Spacer 4 and 5 molecular markers and aligned by the Basic Local Alignment Search Tool for Nucleotide (BLASTN) 2.8.0 of National Centre for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) database. Based on the sequence similarities, it was observed that isolate SO-1 was 98.96% identical to Neurospora crassa Shear & B.O.Dodge while SO-2 was 99.48% identical to Aspergillus flavus Link. These findings showed that N. crassa and A. flavus are some of the causal fungal pathogens of spoilt sweet oranges. It is anticipated that this result will provide information that will be helpful in the deployment of the appropriate post-harvest management of these fungi during post-harvest handling to minimize the spoilage of sweet oranges and thus reduce post-harvest losses.
This study is aimed at isolating and identifying the common fungal pathogens causing leaf blight disease of Thaumatococcus daniellii known as the sweet prayer plant, using the molecular technique. It is a highly nutritional plant, used as laxatives, venom antidote, sedative and in the treatment of diabetes mellitus. Despite its global popularity owing to the usefulness of the leaves in food wrapping and packaging, it has been observed that the plants suffer severe leaf blight disease caused by fungal pathogens. Samples of leaves showing disease symptoms were collected from the Umuakali community in Omuma Local Government Area of Rivers State between June 2021 and October 2022. Fungal isolates were collected from leaves and morphologically identified. The DNA of the most common fungal isolate, SPP-01, was molecularly characterized using Internal Transcribed Spacer 1 (ITS-1) molecular markers. Sequences obtained were subjected to BLAST search in the GenBank database. The morphological results indicated that the SPP- 01 isolate was a Lasiodiplodia species. The molecular weight of the DNA of the isolate was over 550 Base Pairs. Based on sequence similarity, the DNA sequence of the isolate was 99% identical to Lasiodiplodia pseudotheobromae. A pathogenicity test of the isolated pathogen was carried out. Therefore, these findings showed that L. pseudotheobromae is the causal fungal pathogen of leaf blight disease of the sweet prayer plant. It is expected that this finding will promote the acquaintance of the fungal species associated with the sweet prayer plant and provide information for developing an effective disease management strategy for mitigating the losses caused by L. pseudotheobromae and also provide the basis for further study of potential mycotoxin effect of consuming disease leaves. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of molecular characterization of L. pseudotheobromae infesting sweet prayer plant in Rivers State.
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