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ҏ Non-intrusive load monitoring (NILM) techniques are based on the analysis of load energy signatures. With characterizing associated transient energy signature, the reliability and accuracy of recognition results can be accurately understood or ascertained. In this study, the computer supported cooperative work techniques (CSCW), artificial neural networks (ANN), in combination with turn-on transient energy analysis, are used to identify loads and to improve recognition accuracy and computational speed of NILM results. The experimental results indicated that the incorporation of turn-on transient energy signature analysis into NILM revealed more information than traditional NILM methods, and the resulting recognition accuracy and computational speed were improved. In addition, in combination with computer supported cooperative work in electromagnetic transient program (EMTP) simulation, calculations of turn-on transient energy facilitated load identification that had significant effect on NILM results.

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Molecular dynamics simulations of united atom Lennard-Jones model for methane, ethane, and propane in TIP3P water have been used to estimate the chemical potentials of aqueous methane, ethane, and propane from 600 to 1200 °C and densities from 0 to 1 g cm-3. Errors in the simulation itself are negligible. Estimates of the errors in the predictions due to the inadequacy of the models show that this method of prediction gives reasonable accuracy. The calculations are not sensitive to the dipole moment of the water molecule or to the well depth (ε) of the water−methane interaction. The diameter (σ) of the water−methane interaction is the most important parameter. The present predictions for methane are compared with a variety of other methods from the literature. An equation with seven adjustable parameters is presented which fits all of the simulation results as a function of temperature, density of water, and number of carbon atoms. This equation should allow reasonable extrapolations to predict the properties of butane, pentane, and hexane. An even simpler equation with only two adjustable parameters is able to fit all of the experimental data in this temperature and density region if the calculated solute−water second virial coefficient for this model is used. The fit is not quite as accurate as with the seven-parameter equation, but this equation should be useful for predictions of normal and branched hydrocarbons. Equations of state can give good predictions which are more accurate than those of Shock et al. (Giochem. Cosmochim. Acta 1989, 53, 2157; 1990, 54, 915. J. Chem. Soc., Faraday Trans. 1992, 88, 803), but use of molecular dynamics simulations to predict the properties of aqueous nonelectrolytes at very high temperatures is the method of choice for making these predictions.

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ABSTRACT:A series of polymer-clay nanocomposite materials, consisting of organo-soluble polyimide (ODA-BSAA) matrix and dispersed nanolayers of inorganic montmorillonite clay, were successfully prepared by solution dispersion technique and subsequently characterized by FTIR, powder X-ray diffraction patterns, transmission electron microscopy, and atomic force microscopy. Effects of the materials composition on the corrosion protection performance, gas barrier, and optical properties, in the form of both coating and film, were also studied by electrochemical corrosion measurements (e.g., corrosion potential, polarization resistance, corrosion current, impedance spectroscopy), gas permeability analysis, and UV-visible transmission spectroscopy, respectively.

SynopsisThe rms radii of gyration (S2)1I2 and second virial coefficients r 2 of five monodisperse polystyrenes (M X 10-5 = 1.6,2.8,4.2,6.6) were measured in isorefractive toluene-poly(methy1 methacrylate) (Mv = 4.0 X 104,1.6 X 105, and 6.3 X 105) "solvents." For a given PMMA, the concentration at which the 8 condition (defined by rz = 0) was reached was independent of PS molecular weight, but varied inversely with PMMA molecular weight (0.10,0.056, and 0.023 g/mL, respectively). When this 8 condition is reached by adding PMMA to toluene, the radii of gyration are decreased by only about 15%. much less than when it is reached by going to a poor, low-molecular-weight solvent. This reflects the exclusion of PMMA from the PS coils, the internal environment of which is essentially pure toluene.