Soon after the publication of the CEFR in 2001, the Association of Japanese Language Teachers in Europe (AJE) started a research project on the history of language teaching in Europe, carried out a survey of language policies in various European countries, and presented prospects for learning and teaching Japanese as a foreign language in Europe. The association recognizes the need to share the concepts and achievements of the CEFR.The Japan Foundation (JF), partially influenced by the CEFR, set up the JF Standard for Japanese Language Education in 2010. This standard offers tools that teachers and students can use to plan their teaching/learning through self-assessment of their language ability levels. The JF is also publishing new types of textbooks for Japanese education, emphasizing cross-cultural understanding between peoples.The Japanese Language Proficiency Test was revised in 2010 and is now ability-oriented; it is indirectly influenced by the CEFR.The authors analyzed Japanese education at the University of Ljubljana in relation to the CEFR assessment levels. At the end of their undergraduate study, students reach approximately level B1/B2 of the CEFR, and at the end of the master’s course level C1. There are difficulties in assessing the current Japanese courses using the CEFR framework due to the specific character of Japanese, particularly in relation to the script, politeness and pragmatic strategies, and students’ familiarity with current events in Japan and background knowledge of Japanese society. Nevertheless, the CEFR framework offers concrete ideas and new points of view for planning language courses, even for non-European languages.
V okviru raziskave “Vzhodnoazijske zbirke v Sloveniji” smo identificirali stare japonske razglednice v več ustanovah po Republiki Sloveniji. Za večino zbirk vemo imena posameznih zbiralcev in ozadje zbiranja. Ta prispevek predstavlja 160 razglednic, ki so bile med letoma 1899 in 1920 natisnjene na Japonskem, nekatere med njimi pa so v istem obdobju tudi uporabili. Fotografije na teh razglednicah lahko delimo na štiri kategorije: 1) pokrajina, pristanišča, mesta in turistične znamenitosti; 2) hiše, vrtovi, oblačila, pričeske in navade Japoncev; 3) posebni predmeti npr. lutke, ladje; 4) naravne nesreče. Obdobje od konca 19. stoletja do leta 1920 lahko imenujemo “Doba razglednic”, saj so razglednice v tem času imele pomembno vlogo posredovanja informacij in novic iz daljnih krajev npr. z Japonske in iz Vzhodne Azije.
Whereas Japanese has a productive causative morpheme -( s)ase- that is added to a non-causative verb to derive a causative verb, Slovene has no such single morpheme that may be considered to directly correspond with the Japanese morpheme. This arti cle considers causative constructions first from a typological perspective, and then in present-day Japanese and Slovene by examining a small corpus of literary texts. The use of the Japanese causative morpheme is analyzed according to the characteristic of agency. For the most typical causative situation (with agentive causer and causee), corresponding Slovene constructions are analyzed.
Alma Maximiliana Karlin (1889 - 1950), born in Celje, went on a journey around the world between 1919 and 1928, and stayed in Japan for a little more than a year, from June 1922 to July 1923. There is a large collection of postcards which she used and brought back to Slovenia, presently archived in the Regional Museum of Celje. Among them there is quite a number of postcards from Japan (528 pieces), and those of temples and shrines, including tombs of emperors and other historical persons, amount to 100. Alma almost always wrote on the reverse of these postcards some lines of explanation about each picture in German. On the other hand, the Japanese part of her travelogue is very short, only about 40 pages of 700 pages in two volumes. (Einsame Weltreise / Im Banne der Südsee). In order to understand Alma Karlin’s observation and interpretation of things related to religions in Japan and beliefs of Japanese people, we depend on her memos on the picture postcards and her rather subjective pieces of impressions in her travelogue. This paper presents facts on the religious sights which Alma visited, and analysis of Alma’s understanding and interpretation of the Japanese religious life.
In this paper, we present results of an evaluation of Japanese word sketches and address in detail issues that were observed by the evaluators. A word sketch presents a list of salient collocates of a word, organized by the grammatical relations holding between the word and its collocate. The word sketch functionality is incorporated into the Sketch Engine corpus query system and has been created for more than twenty languages so far, including Japanese. The issues that have been discovered in the evaluation of word sketches in Japanese are to be addressed for further enhancement of the word sketch functionality. Other tools and resources which are combined for use and influence the performance of the word sketches should also be looked over. We divide the issues into the following: 1) the lemmatizer and tagger in use, 2) the sketch grammar that is specifically written for Japanese, and 3) the corpus and statistical methods. Keywordsword sketches, Japanese collocations, evaluation, corpus, language technologies Izvleček V prispevku predstavljamo rezultate ocenjevanja japonskih besednih skic in podrobno prikazujemo probleme in težave, ki smo jih opazili ocenjevalci. Besedna skica je seznam izstopajočih kolokacij neke besede, ki ga organizirajo slovnične relacije med besedo in drugimi besedami, ki skupaj sestavaljajo kolokacije. Funkcije besedne skice so vgrajene v korpusno orodje Sketch Engine in na voljo trenutno že v več kot dvajsetih jezikih, med njimi tudi v japonščini. Problemi in težave, ki smo jih odkrili med ocenjevanjem besednih skic v japonščini, moramo dalje proučiti za okrepitev funkcij besednih skic. Problemi in težave so pri naslednjih: 1) pri sistemu ugotavljanja osnovne oblike besede in označevalcu besednih vrst v rabi; 2) v slovnici za skice, ki je napisana posebej za japonščino; 3) pri korpusu in statističnih metodah. Ključne besedebesedne skice, kolokacije v japonščini, evalvacija/ocenjevanje, korpus, jezikovne tehnologije 64 Irena SRDANOVIĆ, Naomi IDA, …
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