Introduction: Flat foot is a common foot deformity marked by the absence of the medial longitudinal arch of the foot. Flexible flat foot is usually symptomless but can affect the biomechanics of the lower extremity and lumbar spine, possibly increasing the risk of pain and injury. Conservative management, including physiotherapy, is important in flat foot management, yet the number of reports regarding physiotherapy for flat foot is scarce. Therefore, this case report aimed to describe a case of bilateral flexible flat foot in a male adolescent who was treated with a comprehensive physiotherapy program. Case Description: A 17-year-old male presented to the physiotherapy clinic with flat foot deformity on both feet. The patient received an hour of comprehensive physiotherapy program per session, twice per week, which included lower extremity stretching, various foot and leg strengthening exercises, proprioception exercises, and an educational aspect. The footprint test was conducted and the patient was evaluated using the Arch Index. The Arch Index measurements according to Cavanagh and Rodgers decreased from 0.38 to 0.32 (left foot) and 0.35 to 0.28 (right foot). Likewise, Staheli’s Arch Index measurements also decreased from 1.54 to 1.02 (left foot) and 1.5 to 0.7 (right foot). Conclusion: Following 20 physiotherapy sessions, the patient’s Arch Index measurements demonstrated an overall reduction, indicating noteworthy improvements in the medial longitudinal arch height. Hence, it can be concluded that a comprehensive physiotherapy program can help improve the medial longitudinal arch height, and thereby foot posture, of an adolescent with bilateral flexible flat foot.
Aging workforce is a new challenge for modern society nowdays. A number of studies have analysed the effects of sleep deprivation on postural control but the effect of sleep deficits, either in quantity or quality and other sleep problem such as excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS) especially on aging workers have not been analysed. The purpose of this study was analyse the relation between quality of sleep and EDS with balance level on aging workers. This study is cross sectional analytic with total sampling technique. Fifty three healthy aging workers (?40 years old) participated in the study. This study was analysed using chi-square test and logistic regression The results showed significant relationship between sleep quality and EDS with balance level (p<0,05). The result of logistic regression test showed that the strength of the relationship from the biggest to the smallest is the quality of sleep as factor which equally influence the balance level (p<0,05). The conclusion of this study is significant correlation between quality of sleep and excessive daytime sleepiness with balance level on aging workers at the Cultural Office Bali Provincial Goverment.
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