Single- and few-layer MoS2 nanoflowers are first discovered to have a piezo-catalyst effect, exhibiting an ultra-high degradation activity in the dark by introducing external mechanical strains. The degradation ratio of the Rhodamine-B dye solution reaches 93% within 60 s under ultrasonic-wave assistance in the dark.
This study evaluated the effectiveness of dietary incorporation of P-1,3-glucan from SchizophyUum commune in enhancing the resistance of postlarval (PL15) or juvenile (5.5 * 0.5 g ) Penaeus monodon to white spot syndron~e virus (WSSV). The shrimp were fed experimental diets with (2 g kg-' diet) or without P-1,3-glucan for 15 d (postlarvae) or 10 or 20 d (juveniles). Following these dietary treatments, the postlarvae were challenged by imrnerslon and the juveniles by injection using WSSV solution. After challenge with WSSV, initial mortality was significantly (p < 0.005) lower in all the glucan-fed groups than in the respective non-glucan control groups. In the juvenile groups, glucan supplementation for 20 d rather than 10 d significantly (p < 0.005) enhanced survival. After the WSSV challenge, none of the control diet postlarvae or juveniles survived beyond 4 d and none of the 10 d glucan-fed juveniles survived beyond 6 d. By contrast, some of the glucan-treated postlarvae (12.2%) and some of the 20 d glucan-treated juveniles ('OX,) were still alive at Day 6. These surviving individuals were reared onwards up to 120 d post-challenge, at which tlme overall survivals were 5.5% (postlarvae) and 13.3% (juveniles) and body weights were 25 to 30 g (postlarvae) and 30 to 40 g (juveniles). Half of the surviving postlarvae and 58% of the surviving juveniles were 2-step WSSV polymerase chain reaction (PCR) negative 6 d after challenge. All the surviving shrimp were 2-step WSSV PCR negative 120 d after challenge.
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