Dietary β-1,3-glucan effectively improves immunity and survival of Penaeus monodon challenged with white spot syndrome virus

Influence of selected Indian immunostimulant herbs against white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) infection in black tiger shrimp, Penaeus monodon with reference to haematological, biochemical and immunological changes

“…The immunostimulant supplemented diet D helped to improve maximum level of non-specific resistance. Similar findings observed in shrimps fed on b-1,3-glucan diets (BG) significantly (P < 0.05) improved the survival than that of the BG-free group after WSSV challenge in P. monodon [13].…”

“…Hennig et al [30] found that when M. japonicus fed on a commercial diet containing BG for 14 days and then infected with PDRV, the THCs of the BG-fed groups were 1.2e1.5 times higher than those of the BG-free group at every sampling point before and after challenge. This was also supported by Chang et al [13] that the THC was drastically reduced to 60% of its preinfection level by 24 h after WSSV infection in P. monodon.…”

“…After viral challenging, the value initially dropped and it was gradually increased and reached the maximum level at the 9th day [13]. In the present study, the immunological parameters revealed the drastic decrease of proPO and O 2 ÿ activity up to the 3rd day after challenging with WSSV, further it collapsed the immune system in all groups and crashed heavy mortality in the shrimps fed with control diet which is devoid of immunostimulants.…”

“…The herbal immunostimulants helped to reduce the viral load as well as to increase the survival, and improved the other haemolymph parameters. Chang et al [13] fed different concentrations (BG e 0.2, 1.0 and 2.0%) of b-1,3-glucan to P. monodon juveniles. Their findings revealed that the rate of WSSV positive in BG-0.2% group in I step was significantly higher than that of the BG-1 and 2% groups, while the rate of WSSV negative in BG-1 and 2% groups in II step was significantly higher than the BG-0.2% group.…”

“…Being the first product released during the respiratory burst, O 2 ÿ concentration is widely accepted as an accurate parameter quantifying the intensity of a respiratory burst [49]. Chang et al [13] found that, the THC of the BG-0.2, 1 and 2% diet fed P. monodon started their recovery 6 days after challenge and so did the O 2 ÿ production and the phagocytic activity. Relative in vivo intracellular O 2 ÿ production of haemocytes increased 15.7 times following oral administration of BG for 24 days in brooder P. monodon [51].…”