Solution processable planar heterojunction perovskite solar cell is a very promising new technology for low cost renewable energy. One of the most common cell structures is FTO/TiO2/CH3NH3PbI3-xClx/spiro-OMeTAD/Au. The main issues of this type of solar cell are the poor coverage and morphology control of the perovskite CH3NH3PbI3-xClx film on TiO2. For the first time, we demonstrate that the problems can be easily resolved by using a polymer additive in perovskite precursor solution during the film formation process. A 25% increase in power conversion efficiency at a value of 13.2% is achieved by adding 1 wt % of poly(ethylene glycol) in the perovskite layer using a 150 °C processed TiO2 nanoparticle layer. The morphology of this new perovskite was carefully studied by SEM, XRD, and AFM. The results reveal that the additive controls the size and aggregation of perovskite crystals and helps the formation of smooth film over TiO2 completely. Thus, the Voc and Jsc are greatly increased for a high efficiency solar cell. The amount of additive is optimized at 1 wt % due to its insulating characteristics. This research provides a facile way to fabricate a high efficiency perovskite solar cell by the low temperature solution process (<150 °C), which has the advancement of conserving energy over the traditional high temperature sintering TiO2 compact layer device.

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The Green Mark eco-label constitutes an essential program introduced by Taiwan's Environmental Protection Administration to support environmental protection. In the manufacturing industry, the Green Mark eco-label is intended to enable differentiating between manufacturers that apply green processes and those that do not. This paper presents an assessment model for identifying manufacturers' initial intention to apply the Green Mark eco-label. The model was derived from the certification process flow. A total of 200 structured questionnaires were distributed to manufacturers in Taiwan, and 172 responses were retrieved. The model was analyzed by applying structural equation modeling, and the correlation of review process and end certification process exhibited the strongest correlation. Improving the document verification stage is highly likely to increase the overall initial intention ofmanufacturers to participate in the Green Mark eco-label program. The overall certification process contributed 16% to the total initial intention of manufacturers to apply the Green Mark eco-label to their products.