Tuning Perovskite Morphology by Polymer Additive for High Efficiency Solar Cell

Chang, Ching‐Ping; Chu, Chih-Hsing; Yu, Hao; Huang, Chien Wen; Chang, Shuang; Chen, Chien An; Chao, Chi-Yang; Su, Wei‐Fang

doi:10.1021/acsami.5b00052

Cited by 302 publications

(213 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…This represents a non-full coverage PSC (N-FC SC). On the basis of previous results, ϕ critical is usually expected to be extremely small3238434445464748. Therefore, the significant dependence of V oc on ϕ for ϕ < ϕ critical has generally been neglected, and the perovskite film is assumed have full coverage.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ultra-high open-circuit voltage of perovskite solar cells induced by nucleation thermodynamics on rough substrates

Ding

Chu

et al. 2017

Sci Rep

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To obtain high performance CH3NH3PbI3 perovskite solar cells, it is highly important to realise a high open-circuit voltage. Calculation results based on a modified diode model have indicated that a low bare ratio ϕ of the perovskite film is the most important factor determining the open-circuit voltage, where ϕ is defined as the ratio of the projection of the uncovered area of the perovskite film to the apparent area of the total substrate surface. To realise a low ϕ, we investigate the nucleation behaviour of crystals on rough substrates. The analysis results predict that, when CH3NH3PbI3 is deposited on conventional transparent conductive oxide substrates such as fluorine-doped tin oxide, preferential heterogeneous nucleation will occur on the concave regions of the substrate; then, depending on the subsequent growth step, full coverage of the perovskite film at both the macroscopic and microscopic scales is realised. As a result, an ultra-high open-circuit voltage, i.e., 1.20 V, can be achieved in devices using the full coverage CH3NH3PbI3 film. The thermodynamics theory of precipitation nucleation should shed light on solution engineering of thin films.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ultra-high open-circuit voltage of perovskite solar cells induced by nucleation thermodynamics on rough substrates

Ding

Chu

et al. 2017

Sci Rep

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“…[65] Furthermore, adding a small amount of PEG polymer to the perovskite precursor solution has been shown to significantly improve the coverage of the film on a dense TiO 2 blocking layer, leading to a decrease in shunts and pinholes in the film, increasing the power conversion efficiency by up to 25% relative to a non-polymer containing film. [68] Due to their chemical discontinuity, interfaces can also be prone to chemical reactions, which is particularly important to consider when working with unstable perovskites. In particular, highly polar water molecules will tend to react with the unprotected hybrid perovskite, decomposing it.…”

Section: Perovskite Solar Cell Heterojunction Interface Characterizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microstructural Characterisations of Perovskite Solar Cells – From Grains to Interfaces: Techniques, Features, and Challenges

Rothmann

Etheridge

et al. 2017

Advanced Energy Materials

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group of crystals that all share the same type of crystal structure based on CaTiO 3 , namely ABX 3 , with A cations, such as methylammonium (CH 3 NH 2 + ), formamidinium (CH(NH 2 ) 2 + ), and cesium (Cs + ); B cations such as tin (Sn 2+ ) and lead (Pb 2+ ); and halides, such as iodide (I − ), bromide (Br − ), and chloride (Cl − ), as the X anion. Since the first report of a solar cell using a hybrid organic-inorganic perovskite by Miyasaka et al. in 2009, the solar cells' efficiency has rapidly increased from 3.8% [2] to over 22.1% [3] certified for laboratoryscale devices. This rapid increase is due in part to intense efforts to develop novel device architectures that are energetically favorable for charge generation and extraction, coupled with basic studies detailing the intrinsic properties of the photoactive perovskite materials. [4] However, this record efficiency is still well below the theoretical limit of ≈31% for a singlejunction photovoltaic device. [5] Significant improvements in processing technologies are needed, which in turn require a detailed understanding of microstructures, interface structures, and overall architectures of the solar cell device."Microstructure", the fine structure of a material from the micrometer to the atomic scale, plays an important role in determining the performance of many types of solar cells in use and under development today. In single crystal photoactive materials like silicon, the intragrain defects, such as stacking faults and dislocations, attract significant research interest since these intragrain defects tend to be decorated by impurities, causing higher recombinative losses in these areas. [6] In polycrystalline materials, such as CdTe, grain boundaries have been found to be a limiting factor in solar cell performance due to an enhanced recombination at the grain boundaries. [7] Modification of the grain boundaries by chlorine can assist electron-hole pair separation and positively contribute to carrier collection efficiency. [7,8] Clearly, detailed knowledge of the microstructures in conventional solar cell materials has played a significant role in understanding and improving the underlying processes that govern overall solar cell performance. Further improvements in power conversion efficiency beyond the current record of 22.1%, as well as improved performance stability of perovskite solar cells, are therefore anticipated through in-depth characterization and understanding of their microstructures.Organic-inorganic hybrid perovskite solar cells form a new type of thin film photovoltaic technology, which has achieved extraordinary improvements in power conversion efficiency in a relatively short time. To further improve the efficiency and stability of the perovskite solar cells, it is critical to understand and control the microstructure of both the functional materials and their interfaces. Much effort has already been made to understand the microstructure of perovskite solar cells and its influence on their performance. This has proved particularly cha...

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“…Another very attractive route today is the application of perovskite-type absorbers such as CH 3 NH 3 PbI 3 and mixed halide CH 3 NH 3 PbI 3À x Cl x instead of organic dyes [477] in contact with TiO 2 thin films or porous structures, in which titania plays a similar role as in DSCs, i.e. helps in the separation of electrons and holes after photogeneration [478][479][480][481][482].…”

Section: Solar Cellsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Atomic scale characterization and surface chemistry of metal modified titanate nanotubes and nanowires

Kukovecz

Kordás

Kiss

2016

Surface Science Reports

102

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Titanates are salts of polytitanic acid that can be synthesized as nanostructures in a great variety concerning crystallinity, morphology, size, metal content and surface chemistry.Titanate nanotubes (open-ended hollow cylinders measuring up to 200 nm in length and 15 nm in outer diameter) and nanowires (solid, elongated rectangular blocks with length up to 1500 nm and 30-60 nm diameter) are the most widespread representatives of the titanate nanomaterial family. This review covers the properties and applications of these two materials from the surface science point of view. Dielectric, vibrational, electron and X-ray spectroscopic results are comprehensively discussed first, then surface modification methods including covalent functionalization, ion exchange and metal loading are covered. The versatile surface chemistry of onedimensional titanates renders them excellent candidates for heterogeneous catalytic, photocatalytic, photovoltaic and energy storage applications, therefore, these fields are also reviewed.

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Tuning Perovskite Morphology by Polymer Additive for High Efficiency Solar Cell

Cited by 302 publications

References 24 publications

Ultra-high open-circuit voltage of perovskite solar cells induced by nucleation thermodynamics on rough substrates

Ultra-high open-circuit voltage of perovskite solar cells induced by nucleation thermodynamics on rough substrates

Microstructural Characterisations of Perovskite Solar Cells – From Grains to Interfaces: Techniques, Features, and Challenges

Atomic scale characterization and surface chemistry of metal modified titanate nanotubes and nanowires

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