Ternary Sn-In-Cu alloys are prepared and equilibrated at 250 °C for 2 to 20 weeks. The phases formed in these alloys are experimentally determined. The 250 °C Sn-In-Cu isothermal section is established according to the phase equilibrium information obtained in this study and that of the three constituent binary systems. It has eight single-phase regions, namely liquid, δ1-Cu41Sn11, ε-Cu3Sn, δ2-Cu7In3, η-(Cu6Sn5, Cu2In), Cu11In9, Cu2In3Sn, and α-(Cu) phases, 14 two-phase regions, and seven three-phase regions. In the Sn-In-Cu system at 250 °C, the η-Cu6Sn5 and η-Cu2In phases form a continuous solid solution and the ternary Cu2In3Sn compound is observed. The δ1-Cu41Sn11 phase is stabilized at 250 °C with the introduction of indium although it transforms into α-(Cu) and ε-Cu3Sn phases via a eutectoid reaction around 350 °C in the binary Sn-Cu system. Except for the Cu11In9 phase and the Cu2In3Sn ternary compound, the other binary compounds all have significant indium and tin mutual solubilities.
, R. 2005. Evaluation of LEACHMN under dryland conditions. I. Simulation of water and solute transport. Can. J. Soil Sci. 85: 223-232. The ability to simulate the dynamics of soil nitrogen under field conditions will aid our understanding of the nitrogen cycle. Our objective was to test the water and solute components of LEACHMN using data obtained from a field lysimeter study conducted on a medium-textured soil in southwestern Saskatchewan, Canada. Our preliminary evaluation of LEACHMN showed that the retentivity and conductivity functions used in this model were not appropriate for our soil as the original model permitted water transmission through the soil profile too rapidly. We, therefore, incorporated the van Genuchten retentivity function into LEACHMN and used the same soil water retention data to generate the van Genuchten parameters. The modified model was able to reproduce changes in water and chloride concentration after minimal calibration. Overall, the value of 0.45 used for the pan coefficient for soil under fallow and 12 mm used for dispersivity produced a realistic estimation of changes in water and chloride within the soil in the 2 yr of the field experiment. The model reproduced soil water redistribution in a fallow system. There was a tendency to under-estimate soil water content during dry periods, mainly as a result of the model's tendency to over-estimate evaporation. While the centre of mass of chloride was correctly estimated, the model under-estimated the maximum depth of chloride penetration due to a slight tendency to over-estimate evaporation. Based on our statistical and graphical evaluation of LEACHMN, the modified model is adequate for our subsequent nitrate leaching study. En simulant la dynamique de l'azote du sol au champ, on espère mieux comprendre le cycle de cet élément. L'objectif était de tester les composantes « eau » et « solutés » du modèle LEACHMN à partir de données issues d'une étude lysimétrique effectuée sur le terrain, sur un sol à texture moyenne du sud-ouest de la Saskatchewan, au Canada. L'évaluation préliminaire du modèle ont révélé que ses fonctions de rémanence et de conductivité ne convenaient pas au sol examiné, le modèle original permettant un transport trop rapide de l'eau dans le profil. Les auteurs y ont donc ajouté la fonction de rémanence de van Genuchten et repris les mêmes données de rétention de l'eau pour obtenir les paramètres de van Genuchten. Cette variante du modèle LEACHMN a permis de reproduire les variations de la concentration d'eau et de chlorures après un léger étalonnage. Dans l'ensemble, la valeur de 0,45 appliquée au coefficient du pan pour le sol en jachère et celle de 12 mm employée pour la dispersivité ont donné une estimation réaliste des fluctuations de la teneur en eau et en chlorure du sol pour les deux années qu'a durées l'expérience. Le modèle reproduit la redistribution de l'eau dans un sol en jachère. Il a tendance à sous-estimer la teneur en eau du sol lors des périodes sèches, principalement parce qu'il surestime l'évapor...
The effect of Ag concentrations of up to 0.9 mass% on the precipitation of the strengthening phases in Al-4.6Cu-0.3Mg casting alloy were investigated. Microstructural features were elucidated by optical microscopy, electron probe X-ray microanalysis, measurement of electrical conductivity and differential scanning calorimetry. The microstructure was correlated with Rockwell hardness. The results revealed that the addition of Ag at a concentration of under 0.6 mass% promoted the precipitation of the and 0 phases and the augmentation of hardness of T7 tempered alloys. 0.9 mass% Ag caused the extensive precipitation of the phase, but only mildly suppressed the precipitation of the 0 phase, slightly increasing the hardness. The high density of the precipitates of the phase is responsible for the excellent thermal stability and mechanical properties of the microstructure. The precipitates out before the 0 phase, and does so more quickly, during the aging process.
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