A novel compensation method for Zirconium dioxide gated Ion Sensitive Field Effect Transistors (ISFETs) to improve pH-dependent drift was demonstrated. Through the sequential measurements for both the n-channel and p-channel ISFETs, 75–100% pH-dependent drift could be successfully suppressed for the first seven hours. As a result, a nearly constant drift rate versus pH value was obtained, which increases the accuracy of pH measurements. Meanwhile, the drawback of the hyperbolic-like change with time of the common drift behavior for ISFETs was improved. A state-of-the-art integrated scheme adopting this method was also illustrated.

The present study aimed to characterize children at risk of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) during preschool age and provide early intervention. The continuous performance test (CPT) and electroencephalography (EEG) can contribute additional valuable information to facilitate diagnosis. This study measured brain dynamics at slow and fast task rates in the CPT using a wireless wearable EEG and identified correlations between the EEG and CPT data in preschool children with ADHD.Forty-nine preschool children participated in this study, of which 29 were diagnosed with ADHD and 20 exhibited typical development (TD). The Conners Kiddie Continuous Performance Test (K-CPT) and wireless wearable EEG recordings were employed simultaneously. Significant differences were observed between the groups with ADHD and TD in task-related EEG spectral powers (central as well as parietal delta, P <0.01), which were distinct only in the slow-rate task condition. A shift from resting to the CPT task condition induced overall alpha powers decrease in the ADHD group. In the task condition, the delta powers were positively correlated with the CPT perseveration scores, whereas the alpha powers were negatively correlated with specific CPT scores mainly on perseveration and detectability (P < 0.05). These results,

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The embedded-DRAM (eDRAM) testing mixes up the techniques used for DRAM testing and SRAM testing since an eDRAM core combines DRAM cells with an SRAM interface (the so-called 1T-SRAM architecture). In this paper, we first present our test algorithm for eDRAM testing. A theoretical analysis to the leakage mechanisms of a switch transistor is also provided, based on that we can test the eDRAM at a higher temperature to reduce the total test time and maintain the same retention-fault coverage. Finally, we propose a mathematical model to estimate the defect level caused by wear-out defects under the use of error-correction-code circuitry, which is a special function used in eDRAMs compared to commodity DRAMs. The experimental results are collected based on 1-lot wafers with an 16 Mb eDRAM core.

Background: Esophageal second primary neoplasms (ESPNs) are common in hypopharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (HPSCC) patients and are associated with poor prognoses. The effectiveness of image-enhanced endoscopy (IEE) has not been well established. Methods: We reviewed the patients between April 2016 and April 2018 with HPSCC receiving ESPNs screening via white-light imaging, narrow-band imaging, and Lugol chromoendoscopy. Results: Of 99 eligible patients, ESPNs prevalence was 31%. Of the 69 patients assigned to the follow-up group, 23 with positive findings showed significantly increased previous histories of second primary malignancies in the upper aerodigestive tract. Among them, patients without symptoms at the time of IEE screening showed less advanced T stages and higher percentages of receiving minimal invasive therapy. Conclusion: The present study represented the clinical utility of routine IEE screening in HPSCC patients and proposed routine surveillance may help identify and properly manage early-stage ESPN.

Ion sensitive field-effect transistor (ISFET) based urease biosensors with solid state reference systems for single-ended and two-ended differential readout electronics were investigated. The sensing membranes of the biosensors were fabricated with urease immobilized in a conducting polymer-based matrix. The responses of 12.9∼198.1 mV for the urea concentrations of 8∼240 mg/dL reveal that the activity of the enzyme was not significantly decreased. Biosensors combined with solid state reference systems were fabricated, and the evaluation results demonstrated the feasibility of miniaturization. For the differential system, the optimal transconductance match for biosensor and reference field-effect transistors (REFET) pair was determined through the modification of the membranes of the REFETs and enzyme field-effect transistors (EnFETs). The results show that the transconductance curve of polymer based REFET can match with that of the EnFET by adjusting the photoresist/Nafion™ ratio. The match of the transconductance curves for the differential pairs provides a wide dynamic operating measurement range. Accordingly, the miniaturized quasi-reference electrode (QRE)/REFET/EnFET combination with differential arrangement achieved similar urea response curves as those measured by a conventional large sized discrete sensor.

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