ABSTRACT-Three regions of koi herpesvirus (KHV) genomic DNA were compared for 34 samples from Japan, six from Indonesia, two from Taiwan, one from the Philippines, 13 from the Netherlands, one from the UK, one from the USA and one from Israel. The analyzed genomic regions included known PCRdetection targets (SphI-5, 9/5 and the thymidine kinase gene). The KHVs from Asian countries were very homogeneous, although two variants were noted based on a single nucleotide polymorphism. In contrast, seven variants were found in KHVs from outside of Asia, and although closely related to one another, they were clearly distinct from those from Asian. The results suggest that a clear genetic distinction exists between Asian and European (including each single isolate from the USA and Israel) types of KHV, and that unique types of KHV were independently introduced or emerged in the respective geographic locations.
PhotographRendering Original Model Appearance Change Figure 1: Photograph compared to a face rendered using our skin reflectance model. The rendered image was composited on top of the photograph. Right: Changing the albedo and BRDF using statistics of measured model parameters from a sample population. AbstractWe have measured 3D face geometry, skin reflectance, and subsurface scattering using custom-built devices for 149 subjects of varying age, gender, and race. We developed a novel skin reflectance model whose parameters can be estimated from measurements. The model decomposes the large amount of measured skin data into a spatially-varying analytic BRDF, a diffuse albedo map, and diffuse subsurface scattering. Our model is intuitive, physically plausible, and -since we do not use the original measured data -easy to edit as well. High-quality renderings come close to reproducing real photographs. The analysis of the model parameters for our sample population reveals variations according to subject age, gender, skin type, and external factors (e.g., sweat, cold, or makeup). Using our statistics, a user can edit the overall appearance of a face (e.g., changing skin type and age) or change small-scale features using texture synthesis (e.g., adding moles and freckles). We are making the collected statistics publicly available to the research community for applications in face synthesis and analysis.
Mass mortality of cultured white shrimp in southern Taiwan was diagnosed as an outbreak of Taura syndrome (TS). From late 1998 to early 1999, 90% of the shrimp ponds were abandoned at 30 to 45 d after stocking post larvae from Ecuador and elsewhere. The shrimp began to die within 2 to 3 d after they stopped feeding. There were no other gross signs, except that some affected shrimp had reddened tails. Histologically, multifocal necrosis of the cuticular epithelium was the main lesion. The necrotic foci contained pyknotic and karyorrhectic nuclei, and many lightly and densely stained intracytoplasmic and intercellular, spherical inclusions.
Prior to the emergence of koi herpesvirus (KHV), cyprinid herpesvirus (CHV) was the only pathogen known to cause herpesviral diseases in common carp and koi Cyprinus carpio 1,2). In 1998, a newly recog nized virus, KHV was isolated in Israel and the USA, and shown to be pathogenic for koi and common carp of all ages. It can cause 80-100% mortality, mainly with se vere hyperplasia and necrosis of gill epithelia and necro sis of other organs3). Later, outbreaks of KHV disease were reported in the United Kingdom, Germany, Japan and were suspected in Indonesia*1,*2,*3,*4) by 2003. Recently, due to the large ca•`277 kbp genome
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