Impairing the toxic effects of cadmium (Cd) by diet induced antioxidant defence systems is an innovative approach to managing cadmium poisoning. The present study investigated the ability of crude palm oil (Elaeis guinensis) and its fractions to prevent the induction of aldehyde and sulphite oxidative enzymes in acute cadmium intoxicated male rats. The study comprised of six groups, which had group A as control, B as cadium group and C-F as test groups. Group A received No Cadmium and no Palm oil fraction, Group B received 20mgCd/Kg body weight, Groups C-F received 5ml/Kg body weight of appropriate palm oil fraction namely crude palm oil (CPO), Silica Gel Extract (SGE), Bleached Palm oil and unsaponifiable extract for 28 days prior to a single dose of cadmium in form of cadmium chloride on day 29 (20mgCd/Kg body weight). Rats were sacrificed 12h, 24h and 48h post-cadmium administration and the activities of aldehyde oxidase (AO) and sulphite oxidase (SO) were determined. Results obtained indicate a significant rise in AO and SO activities in the liver, kidney, heart, muscle tissues and serum between 12-48 hours following Cd administration compared to control. Administration of palm oil extracts caused significant reduction (p<0.05) in AO and SO activities. Results indicate that acute Cd administration induces the expression of oxidative enzyme within 12 hours but pre-treatment of rats with palm oil and its fractions reduces their expression.
Background The probable mechanism of an earlier reported capacity of palm oil extracts to confer protection against high dose cadmium poisoning in rats was reported in this study. Similar experimental design earlier reported by us was retained. Rats therefore were sacrificed at intervals of twelve; twenty four and forty eight hours post CdCl2 insult. Results Oxidative stress and antioxidant status (malondialdehyde, superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione) were assessed in tissues (liver, kidney, heart, brain, muscle) and serum. Oxidative stress indicators showed a significantly (p < 0.05) increased lipid peroxidation and alterations in antioxidant defence systems occasioned by drop in catalase and superoxide dismutase enzymes (serum, liver, heart, brain and kidneys) of the rats. Also observed were significant (p < 0.05) reduction in the non-enzymatic antioxidant reduced glutathione over time. Pre-administration of rats with the crude palm oil and its extracts modulated cadmium mediated depletion of the antioxidant capacities of rats acutely exposed to cadmium and rising lipid peroxidation profile. Conclusions Regulation of stress and antioxidant response was the underlying mechanism by which the extracts conferred protection against high dose cadmium insult thus suggesting its potential as a viable therapeutic target against its deleterious effects. Graphical Abstract
Background: The probable mechanism of an earlier reported capacity of palm oil extracts to confer protection against high dose cadmium poisoning in rats was reported in this study. Similar experimental design earlier reported by us was retained. Rats therefore were sacrificed at intervals of twelve; twenty four and forty eight hours post CdCl2 insult. Results: Oxidative stress and antioxidant status (malondialdehyde, superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione) were assessed in tissues (liver, kidney, heart, brain, muscle) and serum. Oxidative stress indicators showed a significantly (p<0.05) increased lipid peroxidation and alterations in antioxidant defence systems occasioned by drop in catalase and superoxide dismutase enzymes (serum, liver, heart, brain and kidneys) of the rats. Also observed were significant (p<0.05) reduction in the non-enzymatic antioxidant reduced glutathione over time. Pre-administration of rats with the crude palm oil and its extracts modulated cadmium mediated depletion of the antioxidant capacities of rats acutely exposed to cadmium and rising lipid peroxidation profile. Conclusions: Regulation of stress and antioxidant response was the underlying mechanism by which the extracts conferred protection against high dose cadmium insult thus suggesting its potential as a viable therapeutic target against its deleterious effects.
This study was conducted to determine the activity of ascorbate peroxidase in the cormels of cocoyam (Colocasia esculenta var. antiquorum) immediately after harvest and in storage under anaerobiosis for one and three weeks, respectively. During stress condition in plants, hydrogen peroxide is released and mechanisms to detoxify it must be maintained. The cocoyam tubers that were neither damaged nor affected by disease were harvested from a local farm in Ugbogui, Ovia North Local Government Area in Edo State, Nigeria. The selected cocoyam tubers were peeled manually, washed with ice cold water and cut into pieces. The root tissues (50 g) were homogenised with 100 mL of ice cold 0.05 M phosphate buffer. The extract obtained was clarified by centrifugation for 15 min at 8000 g at 4 degrees C. Ascorbate-peroxidising activity was assayed using the initial rate of decrease in ascorbate concentration as measured by its absorbance at 290 nm using Milton Roy Spectron 21D. Results showed the weight of the cormels decreased all through during storage. Immediately after harvest the activity of ascorbate peroxidase was 15.49 unit mL(-1) with a significant increase (p < 0.05) after one week to 73.05 U mL(-1). Thereafter there was a significant decrease in activity of the enzyme after three weeks of storage to 33.33 U mL(-1). This increase in activity of ascorbate peroxidase after three weeks of storage may be related to increase in response to various biotic stresses. Therefore, manipulation of the capacity of cocoyam to tolerate anaerobiosis is a function of its ability to modulate the antioxidant enzymes' armory in case of need.
The present study investigates and examines the comparative effects of plant extracts such as, garlic, ginger and onion on some organs (liver, kidney and heart) of x-ray exposed rats, using and assaying some biochemical enzymes. Twenty (20) albino rats with an average weight of (155.00 ± 2.01 g), divided into five groups were used for the study. The rats with exception of the control were exposed to x-ray with ionizing radiation at a dose of 525 kv/s. The results indicate some toxicity conferred on the rats were reversed when fed with diet containing garlic, ginger and onion, as evidently shown in some of the biochemical parameters examined that includes: body weight gain, plasma and femur alanine aminotransferase (ALP) activity; enzymatic changes in super oxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) level in the liver, kidney and heart. Feeding with ginger, garlic and onions extracts failed to restore the x-ray induced inhibition of aldenylate oxidase (AO) and sulphite oxidase (SO) activities in the liver and heart. Data of the study indicates that garlic and onions had more beneficial effects on radiation induced toxicity in rats, as increased body weight gain (P<0.05) of rats caused by radiation which was reduced by feeding with garlic and onion by-65.11 and-30.02%, respectively as against radiation exposed rats fed ginger (-3.17%) compared to rats treated with only x-ray. Together, the results obtained from this study suggest that garlic, ginger and onion may have significant anti-radiation properties, bearing the reversal and restoration observed after radiation exposure on some of the investigated biochemical parameters. Such properties properly harnessed will be helpful in combating cellular oxidative stress.
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