The elementary excitations in superfluid helium have been studied in the wave-vector range 0 1.5 &Q & 2. 3 A by inelastic neutron scattering. The single-excitation scattering function g& (Q, her) was measured for pressures between 1 atm and the solidification pressure and for temperatures from 1. 3'K to above the transition temperature T&. The dispersion curves were fitted to parabolas and the appropriate Landau parameters tabulated vs temperature and pressure. By accounting for the effect of the instrumental resolution it was possible to observe a line broadening at low temperatures which sets in when the slope of the dispersion curve equals the sound velocity. There are strong indications that this is due to the rotonphonon interaction proposed by Pitaevskii. The. line broadening observed when the temperature approaches Tz is well accounted for by the roton-roton interaction as calculated by Landau and Khalatnikov.The results have been related through thermodynamics to other properties of the liquid and the spectral form of the excitations compared to those observed in magnetic systems close to the critical temperature.

High locoregional control for nasopharyngeal carcinoma was achieved with multisegmental intensity-modulated radiotherapy. Distant metastases are still the main impact on survival. More effective chemotherapy regimens and other systemic agents are needed to decrease the rate of distant metastasis.

Mutations in the proline-rich transmembrane protein 2 (PRRT2) gene cause a wide spectrum of neurological diseases, ranging from paroxysmal kinesigenic dyskinesia (PKD) to mental retardation and epilepsy. Previously, seven PKD-related PRRT2 heterozygous mutations were identified in the Taiwanese population: P91QfsX, E199X, S202HfsX, R217PfsX, R217EfsX, R240X and R308C. This study aimed to investigate the disease-causing mechanisms of these PRRT2 mutations. We first documented that Prrt2 was localized at the pre- and post-synaptic membranes with a close spatial association with SNAP25 by synaptic membrane fractionation and immunostaining of the rat neurons. Our results then revealed that the six truncating Prrt2 mutants were accumulated in the cytoplasm and thus failed to target to the cell membrane; the R308C missense mutant had significantly reduced protein expression, suggesting loss-of function effects generated by these mutations. Using in utero electroporation of shRNA into cortical neurons, we further found that knocking down Prrt2 expression in vivo resulted in a delay in neuronal migration during embryonic development and a marked decrease in synaptic density after birth. These pathologic effects and novel disease-causing mechanisms may contribute to the severe clinical symptoms in PRRT2–related diseases.

The sliding Luttinger liquid approach is applied to study fractional topological insulators (FTIs). We show that FTI is the low energy fixed point of the theory for realistic spin-orbit and electronelectron interactions. We find that the topological phase pertains in the presence of interaction that breaks the spin invariance and its boundaries are even extended by those terms. Finally we show that one dimensional chiral anomaly in the Luttinger liquid leads to the emergence of topological Chern-Simons terms in the effective gauge theory of the FTI state.

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3DCRT induced a substantial tumor response rate of 61.4% with survival rates at 1, 2 and 3 years of 60.5%, 40.3% and 32.0%, respectively, and a median survival time of 15.2 months in patients with unresectable HCC who had either failed with or were unsuited for TACE. The complications are acceptable and can be managed with conservative treatment. Although we do not know whether there is a survival benefit through the use of this treatment, 3DCRT seems to be a practical method of salvage for this subset of patients. Further study is warranted to evaluate the survival of such patients with and without this treatment.

We investigate how the strain-induced nuclear quadrupole interaction influences the degree of nuclear spin polarization in self-assembled quantum dots. Our calculation shows that the achievable nuclear spin polarization in InxGa1−xAs quantum dots is related to the concentration of indium and the resulting strain distribution in the dots. The interplay between the nuclear quadrupole interaction and Zeeman splitting leads to interesting features in the magnetic field dependence of the nuclear spin polarization. Our results are in qualitative agreement with measured nuclear spin polarization by various experimental groups.

Several patient- and institution-related factors may influence medication compliance. Therefore, for optimal outcomes, patients' awareness of the need for compliance with antihypertensive therapy must be enhanced, and effective intervention strategies should be developed.