In a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study in 64 subjects with Huntington disease (HD), 8 g/day of creatine administered for 16 weeks was well tolerated and safe. Serum and brain creatine concentrations increased in the creatine-treated group and returned to baseline after washout. Serum 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8OH2'dG) levels, an indicator of oxidative injury to DNA, were markedly elevated in HD and reduced by creatine treatment.

This investigation is part of an effort to develop chemoprevention for carcinogenesis of the lung. It focuses on the efficacy of low doses of synthetic glucocorticoids administered either as single agents or in combination with a second compound, myo-inositol. Glucocorticoids are potent inhibitors of carcinogenesis. The use of low doses is important to avoid potential side-effects. The synthetic glucocorticoid budesonide, administered by aerosol for 20 s three times a week, was studied to determine its effects on benzo[a]pyrene-induced pulmonary adenoma formation in female A/J mice. Two dose levels were employed, 10 and 25 microg/kg body wt. The lower dose produced a 34% reduction in lung tumor formation and the higher dose level a 60% reduction in lung tumors. In additional groups of mice, the effects of 0.3% myo-inositol added to the diet was found to reduce pulmonary tumor formation by 53%. The two agents given in combination resulted in a greater inhibition of lung tumor formation than either by itself. Budesonide at 10 microg/kg body wt plus 0.3% myo-inositol reduced the number of tumors by 60% and budesonide at 25 microg/kg body wt plus 0.3% myo-inositol reduced lung tumor formation by 79%. To determine whether a glucocorticoid other than budesonide would have inhibitory effects in this experimental model, beclomethasone dipropionate administered by aerosol for 20 s three times a week was studied as a single agent and showed almost identical inhibitory properties to budesonide. The doses of the glucocorticoids calculated on a daily basis are within the range of those used widely for control of chronic allergic respiratory diseases in the human. The capacity of low doses of inhaled glucocorticoids to prevent pulmonary neoplasia and the enhancement of this preventive effect by myo-inositol, an essentially non-toxic compound, are findings that should encourage further work to evaluate the applicability of these agents to the prevention of neoplasia of the lung in the human.

Statistically significant reductions in levels of urinary metabolites of a tobacco-specific lung carcinogen were achieved by reduction in smoking, but for most smokers, reductions were modest and transient.

No abstract

To our knowledge, this is the first reported study exploring duloxetine pharmacokinetics PBS. This trial found that the bariatric surgery group was exposed to only 57.7% of duloxetine as compared to the nonsurgery group. This finding suggests that clinicians need to monitor patients closely after bariatric surgery and that further exploration of the effects of bariatric surgery on antidepressant pharmacokinetic parameters is warranted.