Antonella Muraro, Margitta Worm and Graham Roberts equally contributed as guideline chairs.This paper sets out the updated European Academy of Allergy and Clinical Immunology's (EAACI) guideline regarding the diagnosis, acute management, and prevention of anaphylaxis. Anaphylaxis is a clinical emergency and all healthcare professionals need to be familiar with its recognition and management. Anaphylaxis is a lifethreatening reaction characterized by acute onset of symptoms involving different organ systems and requiring immediate medical intervention. 1 Although the fatality rate due to anaphylaxis remains low, 2 the frequency of hospitalization from food and drug-induced anaphylaxis has been increasing in recent years. 3 The symptoms of anaphylaxis are highly variable. 4,5 Data from patients experiencing anaphylaxis revealed that skin and mucosal symptoms occur most frequently (>90% of cases) followed by symptoms involving the respiratory and cardiovascular systems (>50%). Food, drug, and Hymenoptera venom are the most common elicitors of anaphylactic reactions. 5,6 The prevalence of the various causes of anaphylaxis are age-dependent and vary in different geographical regions. In Europe, typical causes of food-induced anaphylaxis in children are peanut, hazelnut, milk, and egg and in adults, wheat, celery, and shellfish; fruits such as peach are also typical causes of food-induced anaphylaxis in adults in some European countries such as Spain and Italy. 7,8 Venom-induced anaphylaxis is typically caused by wasp and bee venom. 9 Drug-induced anaphylaxis is typically caused by antibiotics and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. 10,11 Among antibiotics, beta-lactam antibiotics are the leading eliciting allergens. 12 At times, there is an occupational cause. 13 Co-factors may be aggravating factors in anaphylaxis, examples are exercise, stress, infection, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, and alcohol. [14][15][16] In some cases, the cause is not obvious (idiopathic anaphylaxis) and investigations for rarer allergens or differential diagnoses should be considered. [17][18][19] This guideline, updated from 2014, 20 provides evidence-based guidance to help manage anaphylaxis. The primary audience is clinical allergists (specialists and subspecialists), primary care, paediatricians, emergency physicians, anaesthetists and intensivists, nurses, dieticians, and other healthcare professionals. The guideline was

Aim and scopePediatric Allergy and Immunology publishes original contributions and comprehensive reviews related to the understanding and treatment of immune defi ciency, allergic infl ammatory and infectious diseases in children. Other areas of interest include development of specifi c and accessory immunity, and the immunological interaction during pregnancy and lactation between mother and child. As the journal is intended to promote communication between scientists engaged in basic research and clinicians working with children, both clinical and experimental work will be published.