Deposits in a commercial RFCC reactor were characterized
using
an analytical approach. Further characterization of deposits on the
reactor cyclone, which are one of the primary problems causing abnormal
shut-down of RFCC, was carried out in order to understand the formation
mechanism of the deposit. The deposits in the reactor consist of hydrocarbon
and inorganic matter, compositions of which are well matched with
the RFCC catalyst. In a longitudinal analysis of a sample reflecting
age, H/C atomic ratio decreases slightly with increased aging time
in inner regions and has high value at the surface region, which is
a relatively fresh deposit. The particles, surrounded by carbonaceous
matter, and amorphous carbonaceous matter are observed through surface
micrographs. Aromatic compounds and nano- and microcatalyst fines
contribute to the formation of deposits. Micro- and nanostructure
of the deposit is amorphous or very weakly ordered. The H/C atomic
ratios of samples with different ages, over 90 days, do not change
with aging and are matched with a variation of feed API. Possible
mechanisms for the deposit formation and its reducing methods are
proposed.
The e ects of the bed temperature, gas ow rate, bed material and static bed height on the fast pyrolysis of Jatropha curcas L. seedshell cake (JSC) and palm shell in a bubbling uidized bed reactor have been determined. Without catalysis, the maximum pyrolysis liquid yields of 49 and 56 wt% from JSC and palm shell are obtained at bed temperatures of 743 and 762 K, respectively. The e ect of the FCC catalyst on the fast pyrolysis of palm shell has also been studied. The use of a fresh FCC catalyst (FC) and spent FCC catalyst (SC) increased the yields of gas and water, while the oil fraction decreased when compared with the non-catalytic pyrolysis. Elemental analysis shows that the oxygen content of the pyrolysis liquid decreased to 17% with the FC and to 23% in the presence of the SC, resulting in increased higher heating values (HHV) of the catalytic pyrolysis liquids compared with the non-catalytic pyrolysis liquid. Simulated distillation (SIMDIS) analysis of the JSC pyrolysis liquids show that the pyrolysis liquid obtained at a bed temperature of 744 K had the highest content of middle distillate.
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